VISUAL SUMMARY
视觉摘要
THE SYSTEM UNIT
系统单元
System unit(or system cabinet) contains electronic components. Four basic types are: desktop, notebook, tablet PC, and handheld. PDA(personal digital assistant) is the most widely ud handheld computer.
系统单元（含电子元件或系统的公司）。基本类型是：炉桌面，笔记本电脑，平板电脑和手持。PDA（个人数字助理）is the most widely ud手持计算机.
Electronic Reprentation
电子表示
Our voices create continuous analog signals. A conversion to digital signals is necessary before processing. Data and instructions can be reprented electronically with a two-state or binary system of numbers(0 and 1). Each 0 or 1 is called a bit. A byte consists of eight bits and reprents one character.
我们的声音创造了连续的模拟信号。前处理是必要的转换为数字信号。数据和指令可以表示用状态或二进制数字（0和1）。每个0或1称为一位。一个字节包含八位代表一个字符。
Binary Coding Schemes
二进制编码方案
Binary coding schemes convert binary data into characters. Three such schemes are
二进制编码方案，将二进制数据转换为字符。三个这样的方案有
● ASCII—the most widely ud for microcomputers.
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●ASCII——最广泛使用的微型计算机。
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● EBCDIC—developed by IBM; ud primarily by large computers.
●EBCDIC —IBM开发的；主要用于大型计算机。
● Unicode—16-bit code; originally designed to support international languages like Chine and Japane.
Unicode——16-bit代码；最初设计为支持像中国和日本的国际语言。
SYSTEM BOARD
系统板
The system board(motherboard) connects all system components and allows input and output devices to communicate with the system unit. It is a flat circuit board covered with the system unit. It is a flat circuit board covered with the electronic components:
系统板（主板）连接所有系统组件和允许的输入和输出设备与系统通信。这是一个平坦的电路板覆盖系统单元。它是一块被这些电子元件覆盖的电路板：
气质头像●Sockets provide connection points for chips (silicon chips , miconductors, integrated circuits).Chips are mounted on carrier packages.
●插座芯片提供连接点（硅芯片，半导体，集成电路）芯片安装在载体封装。
●Slots provide connection points for specialized cards or circuit boards.
●槽提供专门的卡或电路板的连接点
●Bus lines provide pathways to support communication.
●公交线路提供途径支持通信。
To be a competent end ur, you need to understand how data and programs are reprented electronically. Additionally, you need t understand the functionality of the basic components in the system unit: system board ,microprocessor, memory, system clock, expansion slots and cards, bus lines, and ports and cables.
老师谢谢您做一个合格的最终用户，您需要了解的数据和程序以电子方式。此外，你还需要了解在系
统单元的基本部件的功能：系统板，微处理器，存储器，时钟系统，扩展插槽和卡，公交线路，和端口和电缆。
MICROPRCESSOR
微处理机
The microprocessor is a single chip that contains the central processing unit(CPU) or microprocessor. It has two basic components:
微处理器是一个单芯片，包括中央处理单元（CPU）或微处理器。它有两个基本组成部分：
● Control unit tells the computer system how to carry out program instructions.
● 控制单元告诉计算机如何执行程序指令。
● Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations.
● 算术逻辑单元（ALU）的算术和逻辑操作的行使。
Microprocessor Chips
微处理器芯片
A word is the number of bits that can be accesd by the microprocessor at one time. Older microprocessors process data and instructions in microconds; newer ones process in nanoconds. Supercomputers process in picoconds.
一个字的位可以在同一时间通过微处理器访问数。在微秒以上微处理器过程数据和指令；更新的过程在纳秒。超级计算机在皮秒内审核。
The two most significant developments are 64 bit and dual-core chips. Parallel processing requires programs that allow multiple processors to work together to run large complex programs.
两个最重要的发展是64位的双核心芯片。并行处理要求，允许多个处理器协同工作，运行大型复杂的程序。
Specialty Processors
专业处理器
Specialty processors include graphics coprocessors (process graphic images), smart cards(plastic cards containing embedded chips), processors in automobiles (monitor fuel efficiency, satellite entertainment, and tracking systems), and RFID tags (track merchandi).
炸鸡腿图片
角色名字大全专业的处理器包括图形协处理器（过程图形图像），智能卡（含嵌入式芯片的塑料卡），处理器（监测汽车的燃油效率，卫星娱乐，和跟踪系统），和RFID标签（跟踪商品）。
MEMORY
存储器
Memory holds data, instructions ,and information . There are three types of memory chips: RAM, ROM, and CMOS.
存储器存储数据，指令和信息。有三种类型的存储器：RAM，ROM，和CMOS。
RAM
随机存取存储器
RAM(random-access memory) chips are called temporary or volatile storage becau their contents are lost if power is disrupted.
RAM（随机存取存储器）芯片是因为我喜欢他们或挥发性存储contents are is if disrupted失去电力。
● Cache memory is a high-speed holding area for frequently ud data and information.
关于团结的演讲稿● 高速缓冲存储器是一种为经常使用的数据和信息的高速暂存区域。
● Flash memory is a special type of RAM that does not lo its contents when power is disrupted .
● 闪存是一种特殊类型的RAM的内容不会丢失当电源中断。
● Virtual memory divides large programs into parts that are read into RAM as needed.
● 虚拟内存将大型程序划分多个部分读入内存需要的。
ROM李世民老婆
只读存储器
ROM(read-only memory)chips are nonvolatile. Storage and control esntial system operations.
