TheAmericantwoparties
素描正方体怎么画第一篇：The American two parties
The American two-party system
30岁生日祝福语States has always had a two-party system, first in the opposition between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, then in the competition between the Republicans and the Democrats.There have been frequent third-party movements in the history of the country, but they have always failed.Presidential elections em to have played an important role in the formation of this type of two-party system.The mechanism of a national election in so large a country has necessitated very large political organizations and, at the same time, relatively simplified choices for the voter.American parties are different from their counterparts in other Western countries.They are not tied in the same way to the great social and ideological movements that have so influenced the development of political life in Europe during the last two centuries.There have been Socialist parties at various times in the history of the United States, but they have never challenged the dominance of the two
major parties.It can be argued that the main reason for the failure of Socialist parties in America has been the high degree of upward mobility permitted by a rich and continually expanding economy.The conquence of this mobility has been that class consciousness has never developed in the United States in a manner that would encourage the formation of large Socialist or Communist parties.In comparison with European political movements, therefore, American parties have appeared as two varieties of one liberal party, and within each party can be found a wide range of opinion, going from the right to the left.The American parties have a flexible and decentralized structure, marked by the abnce of discipline and rigid hierarchy.This was the structure of most of the cadre-type parties of the 19th century, a structure that most liberal parties have retained.Federalism and a concern for local autonomy accentuate the lack of rigid structure and the weakness of lines of authority in the parties.Organization may be relatively strong and homogeneous at the local level, but such control is much weaker on the state level and practically nonexistent on the national level.There is some truth to the obrvation that the United States has not two parties but 100—that is, two in each state.But it is also true
that each party develops a certain degree of national unity for the presidential election and that the leadership of the president within his party gives the victorious party some cohesion.In voting, Republicans and Democrats are usually found on both sides.An alliance between liberal Republicans and Democrats against conrvative Republicans and Democrats tends to develop.But neither bloc is stable, and the alignment varies from one vote to another.As a conquence, despite the existence of a two-party system, no stable legislative majority is possible.In order to have his budget adopted and his legislation pasd, the president of the United States must carefully try to gather the necessary votes on every question, bearing the wearisome task of constantly forming alliances.The American two-party system is thus a pudo-two-party system, becau each party provides only a loo framework within which shifting coalitions are formed.The Republican National Committee(RNC)is responsible for promoting Republican campaign
activities.It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and election strategy.Its current chairman is Michael S.
Steele.The chairman of the RNC is chon by the President when the Republicans have the White Hou or otherwi by the Party's state committees.The RNC, under the direction of the party's presidential candidate, supervis the Republican National Convention, rais funds, and
coordinates campaign strategy.On the local level there are similar state committees in every state and most large cities, counties and legislative districts, but they have far less money and influence than the national body.The Republican Hou and Senate caucus have parate fundraising and strategy committees.The National Republican Congressional Committee(NRCC)assists in Hou races, and the National Republican Senatorial Committee(NRSC)in Senate races.They each rai over $100 million per election cycle, and play important roles in recruiting strong state candidates, while the Republican Governors Association(RGA)assists in state gubernatorial races;it is currently chaired by Governor Rick Perry of Texas.The Democratic National Committee(DNC)is responsible for promoting Democratic campaign
金牌背后activities.While the DNC is responsible for overeing the process of writing the Democratic Platform, the DNC is more focud on campaign and organizational strategy than public policy.In presidential elections it supervis the Democratic National Convention.The national
convention is, subject to the charter of the party, the ultimate authority within the Democratic
定理
攀爬者Party when it is in ssion, with the DNC running the party's organization at other times.The DNC is currently chaired by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine.The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee(DCCC)assists party candidates in Hou races;its current chairman(lected by the party caucus)is Rep.Chris Van Hollen of Maryland.Similarly the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee(DSCC)rais large sums for Senate races.It is currently headed by Senator Robert Menendez of New Jery.The Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee(DLCC), currently chaired by Mike Gronstal of Iowa, is a smaller organization with much less funding that focus on st
何尽一生情ate legislative races.The DNC sponsors the College Democrats of America(CDA), a student-outreach organization with the goal of training and engaging a new generation of Democratic activists.Democrats Abroad is the organization for Americans living outside the United States;they work to advance the goals of the party and encourage Americans living abroad to support the Democrats.The Young Democrats of America(YDA)is a youth-led organization that attempts to draw in and mobilize young people for Democratic candidates, but operates outside of the DNC.In addition, the recently created branch of the Young Democrats, the Young Democrats High School Caucus, attempts to rai awareness and activism amongst teenagers to not only vote and volunteer, but participate in the future as well.The Democratic Governors Association(DGA)is an organization supporting the candidacies of Democratic gubernatorial nominees and incumbents;it is currently chaired by Governor Brian Schweitzer of Montana.Similarly the mayors of the largest cities and urban centres convene as the National Conference of Democratic Mayors.Each state also has a state committee, made up of elected committee members as well as ex-officio committee members(usually elected officials an
折扣家具d reprentatives of major constituencies), which in turn elects a chair.County, town, city, and ward committees generally are compod of individuals elected at the local level.State and local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, overe local conventions and in some cas primaries or caucus, and may have a role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law.Rarely do they have much funding, but in 2005 DNC Chairman Dean began a program(called the “50 State Strategy”)of using DNC national funds to assist all state parties and paying for full-time
