英语中的变音现象
我们都有过这样沮丧的经验，很容易听懂中国人说的英语，但是同样的对话一到英美人的嘴里，便觉得很难跟上，有时甚至是不知所云。这主要是因为我们说的英语通常单词一个一个的发，每个都很清晰，词与词之间有明显的pau, 但是英美人的口语会有很多音变，这些音变使得我们很熟悉的单词的发音变得陌生，难懂，给我们的听力造成了很大的困难，因此了解并使用各音变规则会帮助我们提高听力，使我们的发音更加地道。
地瓜种植
音变主要有连读、失音、弱化、浊化、同化、重音、缩读等形式。以下列出给听力造成很大障碍的五种音变现象及其读音规则，以及最后一项关于英语的节奏。
机动车交通事故责任强制保险条款一、连读（见另一专题）
二、失音
由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音。
注意：爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接发出相邻的辅音。（见失去爆破专题）
Disappearing /T/
关于/t/失音问题：The sound /t/ tends to be unstable in many words and phras. Sometimes it's there. Sometimes it isn't. There is a process called elision which deletes /t/ when it is preceded by a voiceless consonant and followed by any consonant except /h/. Here are some examples: Christmas, last week, most people, act nsibly, software.
Disappearing /d/外科风云剧情介绍
We saw that /t/ can disappear in certain circumstances. The same is true of /d/, but the circumstances are slightly different. If /d/ is preceded by a voiced consonant /b d g v z m n l/ and it is followed by a consonant other than /h/, then it can be deleted (elided). Here are some examples: handbag, old man, ud to
Taken together, the disappearance of /t/ and /d/ is called alveolar plosive elision (齿龈爆破失音).
三、浊化
1、[S] 后面的清辅音要浊化
[k] 浊化成[g] sky discussion：
[t] 浊化成[d] stand吾穆勒蓬灰牛肉面
[p]浊化成[b] speak expression
还有[tr]-[dr] strike
北普陀2、美音中t在单词的中间被浊化成[d]
如：writer，听起来和rider 的发音几乎没有区别
letter-ladder out of
2-1在单词的前面或后面就不浊化比如：Ted took ten tomatoes. first, coast, hot, late, fat, goat, hit, put, not, hurt，等。
小孩唱歌
2-2在过去式中ed的发音：在清辅音后面发t: laughed [la:ft], picked [pIkt], hoped [houpt], raced [reist], watched [wa: tʃt], washed [wa: ʃt]
在浊辅音后面发d: halved [hævd], rigged [rigd], nabbed [næbd], raid [reizd], smoothed [smu: ðd]
Exceptions: wicked [wikid], naked [nakid], crooked [krukid], etc
T或d后面发/id/ started founded
2-3 t和n连在一起的时候，由于口位差不多，通常t就不发音了。
1. interview - innerview
2. Internet - innernet
3. twenty - twenny
4. winter - winner或winder
5. enter - enner或ender
美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是[t]在单词的中间一定会浊化成[d]，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。
四、弱读
一般来说：
实词重读，如动词、名词、副词等；
虚词弱读，如介词、代词等
弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成[ə] 或[ʌ]
比如说如下几个单词：for/to/some/does/of
查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如：
for：重读时[fɔ:] ，弱读时[fə]
to有三种读法[tu:][tə][t]
some也有三种读法[sʌm][səm][sm].
does也有两种读法[dʌz][dəz]
of居然有四种读法[ɔv][əv][v][f]
举几个例子：
1、To的弱读：to的前面是辅音弱读成t或t ətoday/t’dei/ tonight/t’nait/
We have to/hæftə / go.
To的前面如果是元音，那就弱读成d或də I go to/goudə /work
at a quarter to two. We plan to do it.
2、for的弱读：在句中读/fər/句末读/f ɔ:r/
This is for/fər/ you.
It's for/fər/ my friend.
What is this for/f ɔ:r/?
Who did you get it for/f ɔ:r/?
3、and弱读成/n/
Bread and butter
4、or弱读成/ər/ Soup or/su:pər/ salad? Left or right
对语
5、are弱读成/ər/ What are you doing? How are you?
6、your弱读成/jər/ How's your family? Is this your car?
还有很多，希望多听，细心体会。
强读式和弱读式(strong form and weak form)
A: indefinite article: strong form: ei, weak form: ∂
Note: Weak form word. The strong form /ei/ is ud mainly for contrast (e.g. “This is a solution, but not the only one.”). The weak form only occurs bef ore consonants, and is usually pronounced /∂/. In rapid speech, when /∂/ is preceded by a consonant, it may combine with a following /l/, /n/ or /r/ to produce a syllabic consonant (e.g. “got a light”, “get another”.).
The: strong form: ði:, weak form before vowels: ði, weak form before consonants: ð∂.
Note: Weak form word. The strong form / ði:/ is ud for emphasis, e.g. “This is the place to eat” or contrast, e.g. “It’s not a solution, but the solution”. Weak forms are / ð∂/ before consonants, e.g. “the cat” and / ði / before vowels, e.g. “the apple”.
再以单词and为例。And的发音有以下几种可能性：1. /ænd/ 2. /nd/ 3. /n/ 4. /n/，其中以3最为常见。短语in and out通常读作/‵in n‵aut/
五、缩读：（供大家参考）
综上所述，不难看出为什么我们跟不上老外说的英语了，了解了这些不仅能提高我们的口语能力，同时提高了我们的听力。泾县中学
