The Middle Ages
It referred to the thousand-year period which began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century and ended with the Renaissance. It is referred to as the Middle Ages or the Medieval period. It came between ancient times and modern times.
Traditional division of European history:
● the classical civilization of Antiquity (evolved around the Greek and Roman culture)
● the Middle Ages
● modern times (marked by the Renaissance)
Age of Faith
During the Medieval times
● There was 樱花纹身图案女no central government to keep order.
● 凤眼手串The only organization that emed to unite Europe was the Christian church.
● In the late Middle Ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the Christian Church.
● Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. It shaped people’s lives.
● The middle ages is also called “Age of Faith”
Influence
● Middle Ages is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritages merged.
● It is this fusion and blending of different ideas and practices that paved the way for the development of what is the prent-day European culture.
Feudalism
● In Europe mainly a system of land holding, a system of holding land in exchange for military rvice你在终点等我.
● The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.
Growth of Feudalism
● In 732, Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their rvices.九十九岛
● The lords known as vassals in turn promid to fight for the king.
● Frankish kingdom=>Italy, Spain, Germany, Britain
● The kingdom of western Europe were divided into thousands of feudal manors or farming communities.
● People lived in constant danger of attacks from invaders and robbers.
● They had to ek protection from powerful landowners.
● the peasants ---- giving the lords not only their land but their freedom as well.
● Most of them became rfs.
发财树的养殖方法和注意事项● Only very few peasants were freemen.
“Feudal" System郎静山摄影作品
● People of Western Europe were mainly divided into three class: clergy, lords and peasants.
● At the lowest echelon (阶层) of society were the peasants, also called "rfs" or "villeins."
The King
The King was in complete control under the Feudal System. He owned all the land in the country and decided who he would lea land to. He therefore only allowed tho men he could trust to lea land from him. However, before they were given any land they had to
swear an oath to remain faithful to the King at all times. The men who lead land from the King were known as Barons, they were wealthy, powerful and had complete control of the land they lead from the King.
Barons
Barons lead land from the King which was known as a manor. They were known as the Lord of the Manor and were in complete control of this land. They established their own system of justice, minted their own money and t their own taxes. In return for the land they had been given by the King, the Barons had to rve on the royal council, pay rent and provide the King with Knights for military rvice when he demanded it. They also had to provide lodging and food for the King and his court when they traveled around the country. The Barons kept as much of their land as they wished for their own u, then divided the rest among their Knights. Barons were very rich.
Knights
Knights were given land by a Baron in return for military rvice when demanded by the King. They also had to protect the Baron and his family, as well as the Manor, from attack. The Knights kept as much of the land as they wished for their own personal u and distributed the rest to villeins (rfs). Although not as rich as the Barons, Knights were quite wealthy.
Villeins岐山草场
Villeins, sometimes known as rfs, were given land by Knights. They had to provide the Knight with free labor, food and rvice whenever it was demanded. Villeins had no rights. They were not allowed to leave the Manor and had to ask their Lord's permission before they could marry. Villeins were poor.
Charles Martel (715-741）马泰尔
● A Frankish ruler.
● His grandson was Charlemagne.
The manor
● 领地，（封建时代贵族的）采邑
● The centre of medieval life under feudalism.
● Founded on the “fiefs” of the lords living in a manor hou, meeting with vassals, carrying the laws and said their prayer.
● 帮衬By the 12th century manor hous came to be called castles.
Knights
Knights were members of the noble class
● socially as bearers of arms,
● economically as owners of hor and armor,
● officially through religious-oriented ceremony
