Major Differences Between Chine and English
I.Hypotactic vs paratactic （形合与意合）心有千千结全诗
Hypotactic----the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of claus with connectives, for example, “Is hall die if you don’t come” (中译为: )（复句中成分之间的关系用一种公式，即连接词来连接）.
Paratactic----The arraging of claus one after another without connectives showing the logical relation between them. (分句与分句之间不用连接词来表示相互之间的逻辑关系). English tends to be hypotactic while Chine tends to be paratactic. We should remember the tendency in the two languages is relative not absolute. The structure of English is compared to a tree with various branches on different levels, while Chine is caompared to a bamboo with one part after another.
e.g. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from the honored dead we take incread devotion to that cau for which they gave the last f
ull measure of devotion; that we here highly revolve that the dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. (Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address ) (我们应该做的是献身于他们留给我们的伟大任务。我们的先烈已将自己的全部精诚付与我们的事业，我们应从他们的榜样中汲取更多的精神力量，努力使他们的鲜血不致白流。在上的保佑下，自由将得到新生。我们这个民有、民治、民巷的政府将永存于世上。)
两种特征形成的效果是，英语结构紧凑严密；而汉语结构简练明快。英语好像一棵参天大树，一串葡萄，一串珍珠；汉语好比一根竹子，一盘珠子，一波江涛。具体说来，在英语中，主干突出，即主谓机制突出，名词尤其是抽象名词用得多，介词也用得多，英语在表达复杂的思想时，往往开门见山，然后借用英语特有的词汇关系代词，把各个句子有机地结合起来，构成一串串葡萄似的句子。主干可能简单，但上面却借着累累硕果。如：
The isolation of the rural world, becau of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
喜迎新春
译文：由于距离远，有缺乏交通工具，是农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。
It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days,
or in sadness about friends who are dead.(from How to Grow Old)
译文：为美好的往昔而遗憾，为逝去的朋友而哀伤，是没有用的。
Man propos, God dispos. (paratactic)
I was just about to make a little bow of ant, when the meaning of the last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. (hypotactic)
II.Stactic vs paratactic
Stactic---- English tends to u nouns (including abtracts nouns), prepositions to express some ideas which would be expresd by verbs in Chine(dynamic).
餐桌上的故事A woman with fair opportunities, and without an an absolute hump, may marry whom she likes. (Vanity Fair)
译文：一个女人只要有机会好，又不是很驼背，想嫁给谁都行。
Carlisle street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markests, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide greenlawn.(pay attention to the u of prepositions)
译文：卡莱尔大街往昔伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉点，又经过一些平房，然后突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止。（注意汉语句子在表达相应内容时用的是动词）
In Chine , verbs does not need any morphological change, therefoe, it is very convenient to u Chine verbs, especiallly for dynamic description.
晴文先接了出来，笑道：“叫我研了墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我瞪了这一天，快来给写完了这些墨才算呢！”
He could not help, too, rolling his large eyes round him as he ate, and chuckling with the possibility that he might one day be lord of all this scene of almost unimaginable luxury and splendour.
译文：他一边吃，一边瞪着大眼睛环顾四周，不禁暗自发笑，眼前这一派富丽奢华，说不定某一天会统统落进我的掌心。
III. Impersonal vs Personal （人称和物称）
Impersonal固态硬盘损坏----not showing any feelings of smpathy, friendliness. An impersonal ntence or verb is one where the subject or object is reprented by a word such as “it”.(人称)
It was surprising that I met her that time.
The year of 1949 witnesd this accident.
My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow’s hand. (比较：当观众从他身边挤过去与道拉握手时，我都同情起这位沙场老将起来。)武当八卦掌
(I am much less lfish and more peaceful, I think.) When there are so many animals that need to be taken care of, it takes the focus off me. (WE, 2001/2,p56) （英语中即便是涉及的事情，仍然可以用不带感情色彩的表达方式）
译文：因为有许多动物要照料，我没有时间关注自己的事了。（汉语译文体现更多的个人色彩）
Compare the following pairs:
I hope… (personal)
It is my hope that … (impersonal)
罗马帝国版图
There are 4 members in his family. (impersonal)
He has 4 members in his family (personal)
IV.Abstract vs Concrete
"Men feel happier knowing that their wife is having as much medical attention as possible despite the fact that what their wives actually need is some peace and the freedom to shout and scream without being made to feel lf-conscious. (WE,2001,1,P68~69)
（注意men是否可以有多种译法。freedom 的理解和翻译没有和后面的without being made to feel lf-conscious联系起来，太抽象, 此处宜用比较具体的说法。）
译文：当作丈夫的得知他们的妻子正在得到理想的医疗护理时，他们会感到好受些。但是，他们却忽视了一点，事实上，妻子真正需要的是适当的安静，无拘无束地喊叫。
To u verbs to substitute for actions nouns
1) I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.
雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊异。
2) He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.
在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面。
3)耐用充电宝 鹌鹑蛋的做法大全The problems defy easy classification.
