煮洋芋
如何正确理解简单句的各种构成要素
如何正确理解简单句的各种构成要素
简单句是表达思想的最小单位,写好简单句是写出高级句子和精彩文章的基础。而要写好简单句首先要了解简单句的各种构成要素。
句子成分:句子成分包括以下九类。
1.China is a great country. ___________ 2.I like spring very much. ___________ 3.John plays the piano well.___________ 4.He is a student from our school. ___________ 5.I gave him some money. __________ .
6. The man in red Tshirt is our English teacher.______________
血检项目7.I usually go to school by bike. ___________
8.Li Hua, our monitor, is a girl. ________________
9.Who do you think is the best student in our class?________________
10..Sun Yang, a champion in the London Olympics, is really a hit throughout the world.
__________________________________________________________________________ 孙杨,伦敦奥运会冠军,轰动了全世界。
11. To be honest, I found the film not so good. 说实话,我觉得这部电影不是很好。
_____________________________________________________________
二、简单句的五种基本结构
1.主谓结构:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
(1)主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词,
高级感故不能接宾语,也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词或短语有:arrive, walk, fall, ri,
happen, exist, occur, agree, flow, take place, break out, come about等。
Liu Yang rode freely in Tiangong1 space lab.
刘洋在天宫一号太空实验室里轻松地骑自行车。
(2) 不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语,要特别注意英汉表达的差异。
他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。
①His home broke out a fire last night. ( )
②A fire broke out in his home last night. ( )
饺子的意思
[点睛]break out意为“爆发”,是一个不及物动词短语,其后不能接宾语。
2.主谓宾结构:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
(1)这种句型中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语,可有被动语态。
We all posss the same chance.我们都拥有相同的机会。
(2)在“动词+介词”的动词短语中,宾语只能接在介词之后;在“动词+副词”的动词短语中,作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可;作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
①Plea wake Li Ling up (=wake up Li Ling) at six thirty in the morning. ( )
②Plea wake her up at six thirty in the morning. ( )
③Plea wake up her at six thirty in the morning. ( )
3.主系表结构:主语+系动词+表语
(1)这种句型中的谓语动词为系动词,无被动语态,也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be,
还有感官系动(sound/look/ smell/taste/feel),变化系动词(become/get/grow/turn/go/ fall/run),持续系动词(remain/keep/hold/stay),表像系动词(em/appear/look)等。
Wu Bin, the hero bus driver of Hangzhou, kept calm in face of danger.
吴斌,杭州最美司机,在危险面前保持冷静。
(2同一个单词的不同词性作表语时,所表达的意义是不同的,
这也是学生写作时常犯错误之一。
①Learning English is hard.(形容词作表语) ( )
②Learning English is a hardship. (抽象名词具体化) ( )
③Learning English is hardship. ( )
(3)在主系表结构中要注意英汉表达的差异,避免汉式英语。
如:这件外套很贵。
①The price of the coat is very expensive. ( )
②The coat is very expensive. ( )
紫菜头
③The price of the coat is very high. ( )
[点睛]表示价格的词price只能用“高”或“低”,即high或low来修饰,而不能像汉语一样用“贵”或“贱”来形容。
如:上海的人口比北京的人口多。
①The population of Shanghai is more than that of Beijing. ( )
②The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.( )
[点睛]population是不可数名词,说“人口多或少”要用large或small (比较级larger或smaller),不能受汉语的影响,用many或few (比较级more或fewer)来表示。
如:我方便时来看你。
①I will e you if I am convenient. ( )
②I will e you if it is convenient to me. ( )
[点睛]convenient只修饰事物不修饰人,常用的结构是:sth. be convenient to sb./It's convenient to sb./It's convenient to do sth.
4.主谓宾宾结构:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
(1)这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,指人的宾语称为间接宾语,指物的宾语称为直接宾
语。通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。
He gave me some beautiful photos.
瞭望的近义词
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语
(2)双宾语结构只能跟在某些及物动词后面,主要有三类动词:
春天多美丽①give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, nd, pay, pass, allow, return等。
这一
类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词to引导的短语来表示。
Plea hand him a book! =Plea hand a book to him! 请递给他一本书。
②buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choo等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词for
引导的短语来表示。
Her father bought her a bike.=Her father bought a bike for her.
她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。
③ask, answer, take, cost等。这一类动词无法改变结构形式。
May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗?
5.主谓宾补结构:主语十谓语十宾语十宾语补足语
该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种写作中的高级表达形式。
(1)常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:
call, name, elect, make, appoint, leave, consider, keep, wish等。
Her parents died, leaving her an orphan. 她父母双亡,使她成了孤儿。
我国最长的河流是(2)常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:
believe, think, get, keep, make, find, t, wish, consider, prove, leave, paint, drive等。
He didn't consider himlf (to be) important.他并不认为自己重要。
(3)只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:
catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excu等。
She caught her son smoking a cigarette.她看到她儿子抽烟。
(4)只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:wish, expect, prefer, encourage, allow, permit, remind, ask, invite, request, persuade, command, require, force, forbid等。
I would prefer you not to change your plan. 我宁愿你不要改变计划。
(5)既能用分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:e, obrve, listen to, hear, feel, have, ,
get, t, leave等。
I saw him enter the hall.我看到他进入了大厅。
I saw him taken out of the hall. 我看到他被带出了大厅。
点睛]注意英文中有些单词,如agree等,后面不能接不定式作宾补,要注意英汉表达的差异。