2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
●重点单词
1三年级加减法．__________ n．天文学→_____________ n．天文学家
2．_____________ n．系统；体系；制度
3．______________n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的
4．___________ n．球体；地球仪；地球→___________ adj.全球性的；全世界的
5．__________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→___________ n．暴力
6．_____________ n．大气层；气氛
7．__________ prep.不同；不像→____________ vt.不喜欢
8．____________ n．出席；到场；存在→___________ adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予
9．__________adj.有害的；伤害的→____________n．危害，害处→____________adj.无害的
10．____________vi.存在，生存→___________ n．存在，生存
11．__________ n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→___________ adj.迷惑的→____________adj.令人迷惑的
12．________ n．万有引力；重力
13．___________ n．卫星；人造卫星
14．___________ n．气候
15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船
16．__________ n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
17．_________vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物
18．土方开挖施工方案___________ n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众
●重点短语
1．in time 及时；终于 2．lay eggs 下蛋
3．give birth to 产生；分娩 4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
5．from 阻止；制止 6．block out 挡住(光线)
7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 8．now that 既然
9．break out 突发；爆发 10．watch out中国字体 密切注视；当心；提防
11．人生目标怎么写cool down 冷却 12．as well as 也；还有……
13．depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于 14．get clo to 靠近
●重点句型
1. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
考 点 探 究
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的
be harmful to 对……有害
do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害
do more harm than good 弊大于利
There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。
It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。
mean no harm 没有恶意
2．puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂 n. 难题；谜
puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋
be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解
be puzzled by 被……迷惑
3．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着
in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来
by turns轮流；交替
take one’s turn轮到某人做……了
take turns依次；轮班，轮流
3．from 阻止；制止
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
protect sb. 保护某人不受……侵袭，挡住，防御
提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：
We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。
(中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：
武汉海军工程学院They huddled together to protect themlves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。
4．break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)
①The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。
②A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。
拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)
break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(搅拌式洗衣机身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解
break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)
break into 破门而入，突然……起来
break through 突破
break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束
[即学即练] 介、副词填空
(1)She started to speak, then broke ______ while a waitress rved us with coffee.
分手诗(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke ______.
(3)Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.
(4)Should another world war break ______， what would become of human beings?
(5)Firemen had to break the door ______ to reach the people trapped inside.
(6)The meeting broke ______ at eleven o'clock.
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我
摔倒了。
倍数的表达方式有：
(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。
(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width, etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(4)“A＋倍数＋what从句”，表示“A是……的多少倍”。
①亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。
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②The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
[即境活用] (1)Though it's a challenging job, he did it ______ it took me.
A．one third a time B．one third time C．the one third time D．one third the time
(2)What a table! I've never en such a thing before. It is ______ it is long.
A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half
2．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习
(1)句中 does need是一种强调句式。
①在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。
You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真的很漂亮。
Jack said he would come and he did come. 杰克说他要来，他果真来了。
②在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的 do可译为“千万，务必”等。
Plea do sit down. 务必请坐下。
Do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。
(2)now that 在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为“既然，由于”，that 可省略。
Now that you have finished your work, you‘d better have a rest. 既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。
辨析：now that/becau/since/as/for
now that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”。
becau 语气最强，回答的是用 why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。
since与 as语气较 becau 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since 侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比 since 弱。
