第九章 定语从句的翻译（课堂讲练）
本章教学目标：掌握定语从句基本的翻译技巧并灵活运用。
课堂讲练：
定语从句（ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE）有限制性定语从句（RESTRICTIVEaabb的四字词语）与非限制性定语从句（NON- RESTRICTIVE）区分，就意义讲，限制性定语从句与先行词（ANTECEDENT市容环境）的关系密不可分，用于限定先行词，非限制性定语从句则用于补充说明、描述或解释先行词。只将定语从句简单翻译成“的”，显然无法解决全部汉译问题。可供选择的翻译方法有：
一、 前置法（将定语从句直接翻译翻译为汉语句子中的前置定语，也称为顺译方法）
例六年级语文上册1、1）、The Credit Agreement made between and by Party A and Party C shall come into force on the day on which the Collateral Management between and by Party A and Party B is executed .
参考译文：甲丙双方签订的信贷协议在甲乙双方的质押物管理协议签署之日生效。
2）、Individual rights and freedom are assured in the Constitution and are listed in the first 10 amendments called the “Bill of Rights”, which were added in 1791.
参考译文：个人权利和自由在宪法中得到保障，并在1791年载入增添的（或载入1791年增添的）最初10项修正案，统称为“人权法案“。
3)、Any Proprietary Information obtained by the Joint Venture or a Party may be disclod only to the designated employees of the Joint Venture or that Party who duties so require for the implementation of this Contract.
参考译文：合营企业或一方获得的任何专有信息，只能披露给合营企业或该方指定的雇员，为合同执行, 其职责要求其知悉这些信息（ 或：只能披露给为合同执行其职责要求其知晓这些信息的合营企业或该方指定雇员）。
小结：不论限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句都可使用前置法，采取前置法的标准是定语从句本身结构较为简单，在中心词前面加上定语从句不会导致修饰语过分冗长，以致于不符合汉语阅读习惯。
4）、Confidential information obtained in entry into and performance of this Contract shall be kept by Parties hereto in a safe place with access only to such Parties’ employees or agents who need to know said information for the purpos hereof and have irrevocably undertaken in writing that they will keep said information confidential.
李惠媛
（思考：该句能否使用前置方法翻译？）
参考译文：合同方应将在订立和履行本协议过程中获得的机密信息保存在安全的地方，可以接触到此类信息的人，仅限于为实施本合同需要知悉该信息，并且已经书面保证对该信息保密的合同方的雇员或代理人（---的地方，仅有为实施本合同需要知悉该信息，并且已经书面保证对该信息保密的合同方雇员或代理人能够知悉）。
二、后置法（即把定语从句放在先行词之后，作为并列分句翻译出来，根据句子情况，重复或省略关系代词或关系副词）
例2、1）、The Buyer shall have the right to make an inspection of the delivered goods under this Contract, which shall be completed within 15 days after the receipt of the aforesaid goods.
鼻塞怎么缓解
参考译文：买方有权检查交付的合同货物，该检查应在收到货物的15天内完成（也可以是：买方有权并应在收到货物的15天内完成对合同货物的检查）。
2）、Neither party hereto shall assign this Agreement in whole or in part without the other party’s prior written connt, which shall not be unreasonably withheld by the other Party..
参考译文：本协议任何一方不得转让本协议的全部或部分，除非征得另一方事先书面同意，对此，该另一方不得无理拒绝同意。
3）、The licene shall give the Licensor in writing full particulars of any u or propod u by any other person, company of a trade name, trademark, or get-up of goods, means of promotion or advertising which amounts to or is likely to amount to infringement of the rights of the Licensor in relation to the Licend Trademarks or contravention of the Anti-unfair Competition Law as soon as it becomes aware of such u or propod u.
参考译文：一旦获悉任何其他个人、公司使用或拟使用的商品名称、商标、商品装饰、促销或广告手段，构成或可能构成对许可方有关受许可商标权利的侵犯或违反反不正当竞争法，受许可方应以书面形式将详细情况通知许可方。
小结：后置法既可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于非限制性定语从句。如果定语从句冗长、复杂，如作为前置定语修饰先行词，将使译文的修饰语过于冗长，不符合汉语表达习惯，采用后置法，可以避免这一情况。有时，在采取重复法重复先行词的时候，可以用“此、其”等代词代替先行词。
三、 译成状语从句
有时，定语从句在逻辑上与主句之间形成目的、原因、结果、条件或让步关系，此种情况下，可以考虑将其翻译成状语从句。
例3、1）、Party A hereto, who thinks that there exists discrepancy between the particulars of the Goods actually delivered and that of such Goods described in the Delivery Note, shall immediately notify Party B thereof.
参考译文：如果甲方认为实际交付的货物的细节与交货单上的描述不一致，应立即通知乙方。（表条件）
2）、 The dispute in connection with this contract or arising out of the implementation of such contract, which is complicated, has been solved by arbitration.
参考译文：与合同或与合同履行有关的争议，虽然复杂，但已经通过仲裁解决了。（表让步）
3）、If , after the execution of this Contract, the government adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Contract, or which materially and adverly affects a party’s economic benefit under this Contract, the affected party shall notify in writing thereof to the other party.
参考译文：如果本合同签订后，政府实行任何新的法律、法规、法令或条例，修改或废除
任何法律、法规、法令或条例的任何规定，或对任何法律、法规、法令或条例给予新的解释或采用新的实施方法，与本合同发生冲突，或对一方基于本合同享有的经济利益造成实质性的不利影响，受影响一方应书面通知另一方该情况。（表结果）
课后作业：
1、Confidential Information includes without limitation information (a) that has been expressly marked as confidential; (b) who confidential nature has been made known by Parties or Clients; or (c) that a reasonable person under like circumstances will treat keep as confidential.
参考译文：机密信息包括但不限于下列信息：（1）、其已被称为“机密”；（蘑菇头发型2）、其机密性质已为合同方或客户所知；或（梦到洗碗3）、有理性的人在同等情况下会将其视作机密信息对待。
2、Should any Party be directly prevented from or delayed in performing this Contract by any event of force majeure and other unforeen events, the happening and conquenc英文情话
es of which are unpreventable and unavoidable, the affected Party shall notify the other Party within fifteen (15) days thereafter.
