Key to Exerci A: P.109
Text 1 is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text 2 jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with.
Keys to Exerci B: P.110
1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized.
2.That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized ttlement is and t he kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing and access to basic amenities.
3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries.
4. The author us the word challenge to introduce the problem.
5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem.
6. The author believes that it may help to a lleviate some of the housing problem.
Key to Exerci C: P.111
1—2句：描述情况
3—4句：甄别问题
5—6句：描述解决方法
7句：评估解决方法
Key to Exerci D：P.111
1. brought on --- caud
2. looking into --- investigating
3. figure out --- determine
4. come up with --- develop
5. make up --- constitute
6. get rid of --- eliminate
7. gone up to --- reached
8. keep up --- maintain
9. gone down --- decread
10. looks over --- reviews
Key to Exerci E: P.112
1. created / developed
2. encountered / faced
3. raid / introduced
4. appeared / emerged
5. examined / investigated
Key to Exerci F: P.112写山水的诗句
1. an integral part of
2. nearly
3. considerable
青青树官网4. obtained
5. increasing
6. intensified
7. have insufficient
8. rarely happen
9. enlarged to facilitate loading and unloading
Key to Exerci G：P.113
1. This model can be ud to analyze the effects of veral parameter changes.
2. Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.
3. The difference between the two approaches to designing underground subway station can clearly be en.
4. Recent rearch has shown that the arms are commonly ud for protection during
a fall to the ground
5. To date, no comprehensive study has examined the role of smiling in gaining the initial trust of individual.
6. Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely ud than it is now as a construction material.
7. The special tax laws have been enacted in six mid western states: Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota.
8. Little rearch has been done on the u of oil palm shell as coar aggregate in the production of concrete.
Key to Exerci H：P. 113
For example; becau; becau of this; so that; more…than…; However
Key to Exerci I: P.114
1. ntence 2: For example
ntence 4: While / Although
ntence 6: therefore ; hence / thus
2. ntence 2: however ; thus
ntence 3: while / whereas
ntence 4: Although / Even though
ntence 6: For example
Key to Exerci J: P.115
1. b. d.
2. a.
3. d.
Key to Exerci K: P.115
台湾片1. view
2. finding
3. problem
4. process
5. disruption
6. situation
7. method / approach
8. conclusion
9. phenomenon
10. trend / tendency
Key to Exerci A: P.129
1. 1) Meetings of tourism and its importance
a. Size of meetings
b. Locations of meetings
2) Importance of meetings tourism in postindustrial urban renewal
a. Growth in the meetings tourism market in the U.S.
b. Growth in international conferences
c. Importance of meetings tourism in comparison to leisure tourism in Europe
2. This question usually generates some debate, but here is one possibility.
Statement 1）could be a new ntence (7), while the point in Statement 2) could be incorporated into ntence (8) after the citation. Sentence (8) could then be split. The latter part of the ntence, after making, could be rewritten as a new ntence (9).
3. Presumably there are other definitions for meetings tourism, and this is the one that the authors have chon to u.
Key to Exerci B: P.130
1. metal that is often ud —> metal often ud
2. device that is capable of —> device capable of
3. roof which is on top of —> roof on top of
4. precipitation which results from —> precipitation resulting from白令海峡
5. This ntence cannot be reduced.
6. flute that is pitched an octave higher ---> flute pitched an octave higher
7. a process that involves the lective transport—> a process involving the lective transport
8. a celestial body which has approximately the same mass —> a celestial body with approximately the same mass
Key to Exerci C: P.130
1. with
2. in
3. to
4. from
5. in
6. around
7. in
8. in
Key to Exerci D: P.131
1. components and type
2. example
3. history
4. application
Key to Exerci E: P.131
4-1-7-2-5-6-3
Key to Exerci F: P.132
The former deals with a right that grants…while the latter is concerned with a copyright– a form of protection that…
Key to Exerci G: P.132
The whole passage ems like neither a competing nor a contrastive definition. Instead, it’s an extended definition.
Key to Exerci H: P.133
1. Sentences 4, 7, and 10.
2. Prent ten. The theories are "timeless." Although they were formulated in the past, they were still widely accepted today.
3. S5: In other words S6: therefore S7: on the other hand
ppt2003S8: for example
鲁迅杂文
S9: In other words S16: For instance The purpo is either for explanation / exemplification or to indicate contrasts among the competing theories.
4. There are a number of possibilities: perhaps a discussion of the writer's own theory of humor in which flaws in the other theories are prented. Perhaps an expansion of one of the theories; most likely an analysis of a humorous situation 'play, hook, movie, or something el), using each of the competing theories or demonstrating how they do not always work.
5. The text, is actually a general review of different theories. It is mostly a GS text, but it doesn't get more and more specific with each ntence. The text reaches a particular level of specificity and then remains at that level. It doesn't provide very specific detail for each of the theories.
6. No.
It simply says that modern theories are variations of old ones, and it only specifically mentions superiority theory and incongruity theory. (There is no complicated motive behind this. Chris simply had exhausted all her resources and did not, look for modern versions of all the theories.) 7. If Chris expresd a preference, it was not intentional. Note the abnce of
evaluative language. However, she has a strong preference for incongruity theory. If she had wanted to express a preference, she would have discusd the incongruity theory last, rather than in the middle. Discussing the preferred point of view in final position is a common rhetorical strategy.
Key to Exerci I: P.134
1. No answer is given.
2. Sentences 1, 4, 10, and 14 are important for the four parts of the text. Most students feel that the are most important. However, we can also note that the major claim or conclusion is given in ntence 1
3.
3. He states that there is a problem with the databas ud in Garfield's study and then provides support for this asrtion. Next, he gives a very concrete example of a rious weakness — the inconsistency regarding Arabic-language science journals. This example should rai some doubts with the reader, making it apparent that there is a problem. (Note the general-specific movement in the paragraph.)
4. Considering that this is a very short text, the amount of detail is appropriate. If it were longer, then it would make n to critique the databas and the methodology ud to arrive at the 80% figure. The number of examples is dependent on the length of the text. Certainly one more would
be nice. Can you supply one?
5. There are veral examples of hedging here, particularly in the cond and third paragraphs. But the number of hedges should not be equated with the level of uncertainty. Notice that in the cond paragraph, we have hedged generaliz-ations, but in the third there are veral unhedged statements of results for single studies. Nevertheless, overall, the two paragraphs em similar in terms of the level of conviction.
6. Garfield 1983; Najjar 1988;Throgmartin 1980; V elho and Krige 1984; Warren and Newhill 1978. All but one of the citations are twenty or more years old. Given that changes in language policy are likely to be evolving, the reference list looks rather dated.
7. Urs may like to consider issues such as which languages are acceptable in journals or which languages are ud for abstracts.
8. Sentence (5) typically; (6) predominantly; (9) consistently; (10) considerably
Key to Exerci J: P.135
1. The situation and the problem are prented in the first paragraph, while in the first sample they spread over two different paragraphs. In contrast to the previous text, the situation requires little explanation — only one ntence is necessary. Also the nature of the problem is clearer here than in the previous text. We can all imagine the riousness of the problems associated with the lack of fresh water. A one-ntence paragraph is not a good idea, so it makes n to continue the paragraph with a discussion of the problem.
2. Nets are erected —> water droplets of the fog are collected by the nets —> water flows from the nets to troughs —> water flows through filters into storage tanks —> water is chemically treated —> water flows to houholds.
3. Prent ten is ud becau this is a repeatable process.
4. is now being tested, are attached, are trapped, is then piped, is chemically treated.
幼儿园重阳节活动5. The progressive is appropriate here becau the testing is being done at the time of writing. From the author's perspective, it is in progress and has not been completed. Although the progressive is ra
re in scientific academic English, it can often be ud to describe contemporary change (e.g., "Scholars are beginning to change their ideas about. . .") The verb to be can indeed be ud in the progressive.
6. now, approximately, when, then, chemically, finally.
7.. Sentence 4:this abnce of rainfall Sentence 14: this collection system Both of the occur in the final ntence of their respective paragraphs. They rve to summarize the main point of the paragraph.
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8. There is nothing fancy or elegant here. The solution is "announced": "One interesting solution to this problem is . . ."
9. Students tend to lect the following information.
the dimensions of the nets the trough material the storage link materials and dimensions the brand name of the netting the duration of the fog ason the time needed to construct the system
10. A new paragraph could be added under the description of the process. Adding this paragraph would also necessitate a change in the first ntence of the final paragraph to ensure good How. 11.
The information about cost could be added between ntences 15 and 16.
Key to Exerci K: P.137
