Introducing Translation Studies
—Theories and Applications
Name: Zhu Mi
Class: English 112
2013/12/24
Introducing Translation Studies
—Theories and Applications
asp是什么意思I.Main issues of translation studies
I.1The concept of translation
The term translation itlf has veral meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product or the process.
The process of translation between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original verbal language into a written text in a different verbal language.—interlingual translation
The Russian-American structuralist Roman Jakobson in his minal paper” On linguistic aspects of translation’ gave his categories as win7蓝牙驱动intralingual translation, interlingual translation and intermiotic translation.
I.2What are translation studies?
Written and spoken translations traditionally were for scholarship and religious purpos.
Yet the study of translation as an academic subject has only really begun in the past fifty years, thanks to the Dutch-bad US scholar James S.Holmes.
Reasons for prominence: first, there has been a proliferation of specialized translating and interpreting cours at both and undergraduate and postgraduate level; condqq靓号站, other cours, in smaller numbers, focus on the practice of literary translation; the 1990s
also saw a proliferation of conferences, books and journals on translation in many languages; in addition, various translation events were held in India, and an on-line translation symposium was organized.
I.3A brief history of the discipline
The practice of translation was discusd by, for example, Cicero and Horace and St Jerome; their writings were to exert an important influence up until the twentieth century.
The study of translation of the field developed into an academic discipline only in the cond half of the twentieth century.
Before that, translation had normally been merely an element of language learning in modern language cours, known for the grammar-translation method.
With the ri of the direct method or communicative approach to English language teaching in the 1960s and 1970s, the grammar-translation method fell into increasing disrepute.
In the USA, translation was promoted in universities in the 1960s by the translation workshop concept. Running parallel to it was that of comparative literature.
Another area in which translation become the subject of rearch was contrastive analysis. The continued application of a linguistic approach in general, and specific linguistic models such as generative grammar or functional grammar, has demonstrated an inherent and gut link with translation. And it began to emerge in the 1950s and 1960s.—Eugene Nida
I.4The Holmes/Toury “map”
James S.Holems’s” The name and nature of translation studies”喜的反义词 was regarded as “generally accepted as the founding statement for the field”. He puts forward an overall framework, describing what translation studies covers. It has been subquently prented by Gideon Toury.
Another area Holmes mention is translation policy, where he es the translation schol
ar advising on the place of translation in society, including what place, if any, it should occupy in the language teaching and酸奶拉花 learning curriculum.
“Translation policy” would nowadays far more likely be related to the ideology that 浩浩荡荡造句determines translation than was the ca in Holmes description.
I.5Developments since the 1970s
Contrastive analysis has fallen by the way side. The linguistic-oriented “science小娃娃跌倒了” of translation has continued strongly in Germany, but the concept of equivalence associated with it has declined.
Germany has en the ri of theories centred on text types and text purpo, while the Hallidayan influence of discour analysis and systemic functional grammar, which vies language as a communicative act in a sociocultural context, has been prominent over the past decades, especially in Australia and the UK.
The late 1970s and 1980s also saw the ri of a descriptive approach that had its origin
s in comparative literature and Russian Formalism.
The polysystemists have worked with a Belgium-bad group and the UK-bad scholars.
The 1990s saw the incorporation of new schools and concepts, with Canadian-bad translation and gender rearch led by 事故管理制度Sherry Simon, the Brazilian cannibalist school promoted by El Vieira, postcolonial translation theory.
II.Translation theory before the twentieth century
