中学英语语法复习系列讲义——非谓语动词
一、复习要点
1.驾驭非谓语动词的三种基本形式、各种形式在句中能充当的成分及不同形式间的辨析
2.驾驭常见搭配
二、学问点梳理
1．非谓语动词作宾语
(1)下列动词一般用不定式作宾语:
decide | determine | learn | want | expect | hope | wish | refu | manage |
pretend | offer | promi | choo | plan | agree | beg | help | 毕业自传 care |
| | | | | | | | |
She pretended not to e me when I pasd by.
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
(2)下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语:
consider | suggest | advice | 黄翅大白蚁admit | delay | fancy | avoid | miss | keep | practice |
deny | finish | enjoy | appreciate | forbid | imagine | risk | mind | allow | escape |
look forward to | can’t help | be/get ud to |
贺知章的咏柳| 动作力量 | | | | | 罗大佑追梦人 | | | | |
(3)下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区分,要特殊留意。
forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事； forget doing sth. 遗忘做了某事
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事； remember doing sth. 记得做了某事
regret to do sth. 很缺憾要做某事； regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事
try to do sth. 尽全力做某事； try doing sth. 试着做某事
mean to do sth. 准备做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(4)在动词allow, advi, forbid, permit后干脆跟动名词作宾语;假如后面出名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
allow/permit/forbid/advi doing/ sb. to do
Smoking is forbidden here so we don’t allow you to smoke.
We don’t allow smoking here.
(5)动词need, require, want 作“须要”,derve作“应受,应得”解时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。
need/require/want doing = need/require/want to be done
The car 名落孙山needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired.
(6)be worth doing表示被动意思，而be worth to be done是错误结构！
The book is worth reading. = The book is worth a read.
2.非谓语动词作定语
(1) 不定式作定语的几种状况
a. 不定式表将来。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promi, plan, attempt, offer, decision, failure
I don’t trust his promi to come for a visit. (比较:He promid to come for a visit.)
He said he had no plans to go there. (比较:He didn’t plan to go there.)
He made an attempt to stand up. (比较:He attempted to stand up.)
(2) 分词作定语
a. 作定语的及物动词的分词形式为: doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时,用doing;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being done;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时,用done。
留意：having done和having been done的形式不能作定语！
The hous being built are for the teachers.
“Things lost never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to mylf.
b. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为: doing和done。doing表示正在进行;done表示已经完成。
boiled water 白开水；boiling water 正在沸腾的水
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子； fallen leaves 落叶
developing countries 发展中国家； developed countries 发达国家
c. 英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人……的”, 过去分词形式表示“感到……的”。
an exciting news 一个令人兴奋的消息；an excited person 一个激烈的人
留意点：
to be done, done和being done作定语的区分:
to be done 表被动、将来;
done 表被动、完成;
being done 表被动、正在进行。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.
The question to be discusd at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.
练习：
1)There are still many problems _______ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
着怎么组词
2)Prices of daily goods _______ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
3. 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词)作主语
a. 不定式、动名词都可作主语, 但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、常常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示详细的动作, 尤其是某一次的动作。
b. 下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
1) It is no good/u doing sth.
2) It is of little good/u doing sth.
3) It is worth doing sth. （留意：无被动）
c. 下列句型中常用不定式作主语。
1) It is+名词+to do sth. It’s our duty to keep the campus clean.
2) It takes sb. some time to do sth.
3) It is difficult/easy/hard/important/+for sb. to do sth.
4) It+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/+of sb. to do sth.
4. 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)作表语
1) 不定式、动名词都可作表语,但动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、常常性的行为;不定式作表语多表示详细的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
2) 现在分词、过去分词都可作表语,但现在分词意为:令人……的;过去分词意为:感到……的。
3) 非谓语动词作remain的表语。remain作“仍旧是”讲,后面可加现在分词或过去分词作表语。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
The true author of the book remains unknown.
remain to be done表示“仍需去做”。
A lot of homework remains to be finished.
练习：
It’s standard practice for a company like this one _______(employ) a curity officer.
The pilot asked all the pasngers on board to remain ________(at) as the plane was making a landing.
5. 非谓语动词作状语
（1）不定式、分词作状语的基本原则：胡特
不定式、分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必需与句子的主语保持一样，否则一般不能运用不定式、分词作状语。如：Having won the match, it’s time for us to celebrate. 该句错误！因为状语主语与主句主语不一样，无逻辑上的主被动关系！那么，试思索：遇到这种状况怎么解决？
（2）不定式作状语
a. 作目的状语
强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成“in order to do”或“so as to do”结构。
