Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9.9 million square kilometres, Canada is the world's cond-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later ttled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American阿字开头的成语 colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom.
Canada is a federal state that is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitution
al monarchy with QueenElizabeth II as head of state. It is a bilingual nation with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. One of the world's most highly developed countries, Canada has a diversified economy that is reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade – particularly with the United States, with which Canada has had along and complex relationship.
In the 17th and early 18th centuries, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River and the northern shores of the Great Lakes. The area was later split into two British colonies, Upper Canada andLower Canada. They were reunified as the Province of Canada in 1841.
计算机硬件包括Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country, and the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title.[13] However, as Canada asrted its political autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government increasingly ud simply sony相机Canada养狗的20个好处 on state documents and treaties, a change that was reflected in the renaming of the national holiday from Dominion Day to Canada Day in 1982.
Aboriginal peoples
Archaeological studies and analys of DNA have indicated a human prence in the northern Yukon region from 26,500 years ago, and in southern Ontario from 9,500 years ago (7500 BC). The Paleo-Indian archaeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada. The characteristics of Canadian Aboriginal societies included permanent ttlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. Some of the cultures had collapd by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, and have only been discovered through archaeological investigations.
The aboriginal population is estimated to have been between 200,000 and two million in the late 15th century, with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health. As a conquence of the European colonization, Canada's aboriginal peoples suffered from repeated outbreaks of newly introduced infectious dias such as influenza, measles, and 松花蛋的做法smallpox (to which they had no natural immunity), resulting in a forty- to eighty-percent population decrea in the centuries after the European arrival. Aboriginal peoples in prent-day Canada include the First Nations,
Inuit,and Métis.The Métis are a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European ttlers. In general, the Inuit had more limited interaction with European ttlers during the colonization period.
European colonization
The first known attempt at European colonization began when Normen ttled briefly in Newfoundland around 1000 AD. No further European exploration occurred until 1497, when Italian afarer John Cabot explored Canada's Atlantic coast for England. Basque and Portugue mariners established asonal whaling and fishing outposts along the Atlantic coast in the early 16th century. In 1534, Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River for France, where on July 24, he planted a 10 meter cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" and took posssion of the territory in the name of King Francis I of France.
The Canadas were the main front in the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain. Following the war, large-scale immigration to Canada from Britain and Ireland beg
an in 1815.[25] Between 1825 and 1846, 626,628 European immigrants reportedly landed at Canadian ports.[43] Between one-quarter and one-third of all Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891 died of infectious dias. 祝福领导
The desire for responsible government in the Canadas resulted in the abortive Rebellions of 1837. The Durham Report subquently recommended responsible government and the assimilation of French Canadians into English culture. The Act of Union 1840 merged The Canadas into a united Province of Canada. Responsible government was established for all British North American provinces by 1849. The signing of the Oregon Treaty by Britain and the United States in 1846 ended the Oregon boundary dispute, extending the border westward along the 49th parallel. This paved the way for British colonies on Vancouver Island (1849) and in British Columbia (1858).做你的爱人歌词
Confederation and expansion
To open the West, the government sponsored the construction of three transcontinental r
ailways (including the Canadian Pacific Railway), opened the prairies to ttlement with the Dominion Lands Act, and established the North-West Mounted Police to asrt its authority over this territory.[51][52] In 1898, during the Klondike Gold Rush in the Northwest Territories, the Canadian government created the Yukon Territory. Under the Liberal Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier, continental European immigrants ttled the prairies, and Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905.
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