2021考研阅读基础阶段测试英语一
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Harpoons, nets and sails are to be nt into space in an effort to tackle the problem of space junk, scientists have revealed. The mission, called RemoveDebris, is expected to 1 early next year and will test a range of devices 2 to sweep up litter 3 the Earth. the scientists say that, 4 such technology, satellite-bad communication, weather monitoring and navigation systems could be at risk.
Around 7,000 tonnes of space junk are estimated to 5 our planet, ranging from defunct satellites to tiny fragments of debris, 6 the figure rising 7 . It’s a very real 8 due to the fact that, 9 objects larger than 10cm are 10 , tiny fragments of debris can cau damage.
化妆刷多久洗一次But an international team of rearchers say they have designed a 11 of systems to solve the problem. 12 at the Royal Society’s summer science exhibition this week, the systems included a net, harpoon an
d drag sail, which scientists have 13 into a test platform for launch into space. At the end of the mission the third system, a drag sail will be 14 . Similar systems have been 15幼儿园环境创设方案
for future satellites to allow them to be dispod of without 16 space junk.
17 by the European commission to the sum of around €13m (£10.9m), the RemoveDebris mission is t to be one of the world’s first mission to test systems for 18 junk in space. While a full-scale mission is likely to cost significantly more, Forshaw believes it is a 19 expen. “The reality is you are spending a small amount now to prevent huge disasters from 20 in the future,” he said.
1.[A] open [B] check [C] finish [D] launch
2.[A] maintained [B] rerved [C] designed [D] boosted
3.[A] orbiting [B] flying [C] throwing [D] running
4.[A] in [B] on [C] despite [D] without
5.[A] move [B] circle [C] cycle [D] travel
6.[A] in [B]as [C]on [D]with
7.[A] dramatically [B] particularly [C] generally [D] cautiously
8.[A] relief [B] declaration [C] assumption [D] hazard
9.[A] Despite [B] If [C] While [D] Even
10.[A]detected [B]monitored [C]tested [D]supervid
11.[A]sort [B]range [C]kind [D]round
12.[A] Designed [B] Run [C] Produced [D] Prented
13.[A] incorporated [B] rembled [C] detected [D] focud
14.[A] developed [B] handled [C] deployed [D] clod
15.[A] propod [B] oppod [C] suppod [D] raid
16.[A] damaging [B] leaving [C] controlling [D] transmitting
17.[A] invested [B] forwarded [C] funded [D] donated
18.[A] obrving [B] finding [C] protecting [D] capturing
19.[A] necessary [B] massive [C]surprising [D] wasted
20.[A]expecting [B] occurring [C] fostering [D] falling
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)一盏黄黄旧旧的灯
Text 1
In the early 20th century the future emed bright for hor employment. Within 50 years cars and tractors made short work of equine livelihoods. Some futurists e a cautionary tale for humanity in the fate of the hor: it was economically indispensable until it wasn’t. The common retort to such co
ncerns is that humans are far more cognitively adaptable than beasts of burden. Yet as robots grow more nimble, humans look increasingly vulnerable. A new working paper concludes that, between 1990 and 2007, each industrial robot added per thousand workers reduced employment in America by nearly six workers. Humanity may not be nt out to pasture, but the parallel with hors is still uncomfortably clo.
The paper’s author, Daron Acemoglu of the Massachutts Institute of Technology (MIT), is careful to exclude confounding caus as best he can. The results are not driven by a few robot-intensive regions or industries, and are distinct from the effect of trade with emerging economies. Incread robot density does not em to rai employment among any group of workers, even tho with university education.
The market can always work to ea the transition. As demand for traditional hor-work fell, so did hor prices, by about 80% between 1910 and 1950. This drop
耻辱的反义词slowed the pace of mechanisation in agriculture, but only by a little. Even at lower costs, too few new niches appeared to absorb the workless ungulates. Lower prices eventually made it uneconomical for many owners to keep them. Hors, so to speak, left the labour force, in some cas through sal
e to meat or glue factories. As the numbers of working hors and mules in America fell from about 21m in 1918 to only 3m or so in 1960, the decline was mirrored in the overall hor population. The same thing may happen in human labor force market.
Economically speaking, this should not be a problem. Automation should yield savings to firms or consumers which can be spent on other goods or rvices. Labour liberated by technology should gravitate toward tasks and jobs in which humans retain an advantage. Yet that should also have been true of hors. The u of tractors in agriculture ro sharply from the 1910s to the 1950s, and hors were displaced in vast numbers. Similarly, the difficulty facing contemporary labor force may be in reallocating the huge numbers displaced by technology to places where they could still be of u.
21. In paragraph one, hor is mentioned to
[A] stress an misunderstanding on agricultural evolution.
古代性[B] introduce the topic of robot development.
[C] explain the relation between hor and tractor.
[D] warn continuous decrea in hor population.
22. According to the rearch paper, with the advance of industrial robots, humanity may in the future
[A] benefit a lot from such technological progress.
[B] lead a kind of uncomfortable life as hor did.
[C] suffer from unemployment resulted from automation.
[D] enjoy a more relaxing working atmosphere.
23. The findings of Daron Acemoglu is quoted to illustrate that相信自己歌词
[A] robot caud no harm to human labor market.
[B] different effects existed in trade with emerging economies.
[C] incread robot application may do more harm than good to employment.
[D] the relation between robot us and potential unemployment is complex.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4?
[A] Modern industry is renewing the labor market.
[B] Hor prices fell due to the inadequate demand.
[C] Human wages may decline to offt the shrinking job market.
[D] The hor population eventually decread.
25. We can draw a conclusion from the text that
[A] robot impod threat on human employment.
[B] hor labour has been undermined by prevalence of tractors.
[C] technological advance can save human labor.
[D] human wages have not been influenced by automation .
Text 2
中国人史纲
It ems like common n: People will be less tempted to drink and drive if they have an easier and safer way to get home after a night out. Uber has plenty of incentive to make this ca, and has reported on declines in drunken-driving incidents in veral major cities after the company rolled out its ride-hailing rvices, beginning in San Francisco in 2010.
A recent independent study backs this up. It found that in four boroughs of New York City, excluding Staten Island, there has been a 25 to 35 percent reduction in alcohol-related car accidents since Uber came to town in 2011, as compared to other places where ride-hailing company doesn’t o perate. But not all studies have reached the same conclusion. One report, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology last year, looked at 100 denly populated counties across the United States and found no correlation between the rollout of Uber rvices and the number of traffic fatalities.
Noli Brazil, a postdoctoral rearch associate with the University of Southern California who wrote that paper with David S. Kirk, an associate professor at Oxford University, said common-n arguments — that ride-hailing apps should prevent drunken driving — made some n on an individual level. But he warned against making broader assumptions, especially since tho who would drive drunk are not necessarily rational decision-makers. Rearchers on the subject, had to d
eal with a
dizzying array of variables, including state laws, time frames and communities’ access to public transportation. All of the can affect a study’s conclusions.“In order to explain our results, we pointed out the fact that the proportion of individuals who u Uber is quite small relative to the number of drivers in a given county,” Mr. Brazil said.
“Several independent studies have shown Uber’s prence in cities can help reduce drunk-driving,” a company spokeswoman said. “We’re glad to provide an alternative to drunk driving that helps people make safer, more responsible choices.”Ms. Peck, who rearch ud collisions data from the New York Department of Motor Vehicles and the state’s Department of Transportation from 2007 to 2013, agreed that the growing body of rearch suggests ride-hailing rvices lead to less alcohol-related car accidents. But she noted that analyzing data ts and teasing out causation from correlation is slow and tricky work. “I think anyone who does
statis tics for a living is going to be really careful about saying they are sure,” she said. “Becau we are scientists, and we are never sure.”
26.According to Paragraph 1, it ems that Uber ________________________ .
小西红柿的功效与作用[A] tempted people to drive drunken
[B] brought down the chances of drunken driving
[C] provided an alternative to traditional transportation
[D] devoted itlf to traffic accident studies
27.The report published in the American Journal of Epidemiology suggests
that____________________ .
[A] Uber provided an easier and safer way to get home
[B] drunken-driving incidents in veral major cities have declined
[C] Uber rvices may not affect the occurrence of traffic accidents.
[D] traffic accidents can be controlled by Uber rvices
28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that______________.
[A] Uber rvice does lower the accident rate
[B] some other factors may contribute to the decline in accidents
[C] Uber’s benefit is justified by common n
