经济学就业方向及前景
剑桥雅思Test阅读Passage真题解析
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剑桥雅思7T e s t4阅读P a s s a g e1真题解析剑桥雅思7，第四套试题，阅读部分Passage 1，阅读真题原文部分：
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are bad on Reading Passage 1below.
Pulling stings to build pyramids
No one knows exactly how the pyramids were built. Marcus Chown reckons the answer could be hanging in the air.
The pyramids of Egypt were built more than three thousand years ago, and no one knows h
ow. The conventional picture is that tens of thousands of slaves dragged stones on sledges. But there is no evidence to back this up. Now a Californian software consultant called Maureen Clemmons has suggested that kites might have been involved. While perusing a book on the monuments of Egypt, she noticed a hieroglyph that showed a row of men standing in odd postures. They were holding what looked like ropes that led, via some kind of mechanical system, to a giant bird in the sky. She wondered if perhaps the bird was actually a giant kite, and the men were using it to lift a heavy object. Intrigued, Clemmons contacted Morteza Gharib, aeronautics professor at the California Institute of Technology. He was fascinated by the idea. Coming from Iran, I have a keen interest in Middle Eastern science, he says. He too was puzzled by the picture that had sparked Clemmonss interest. The object in the sky apparently had wings far too short and wide for a bird. The possibility certainly existed that it was a kite, he says. And since he needed a summer project for his student Emilio Graff, investigating the possibility of using kites as heavy lifters emed like a good idea.
Gharib and Graff t themlves the task of raising a 4.5-metre stone column from horizontal to vertical, using no source of energy except the wind. Their initial calculations and scale-model wind-tu nnel experiments convinced them they wouldn’t need a strong wind to lift the 33.5-tonne column. Even a modest force, if sustained over a long time, would do. The key was to u a pulley system that would magnify the applied force. So they rigged up a tent-shaped scaffold directly above the tip of the horizontal column, with pulleys suspended from the scaffolds apex. The idea was that as one end of the column ro, the ba would roll across the ground on a trolley. Earlier this year, the team put Clemmonss unlikely theory to the test, using a 40-square-metre rectangular nylon sail. The kite lifted the column clean off the ground. We were absolutely stunned, Gharib says. The instant the sail opened into the wind, a huge force was generated and the column was raid to the vertical in a mere 40 conds.
The wind was blowing at a gentle 16 to 20 kilometres an hour, little more than half what they thought would be needed. What they had failed to reckon with was what happened when the kite was opened. There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force, Gharib says. This jerk meant that kites could lift huge weights, Gharib realid. Even a 300-tonne column could have been lifted to the vertical with 40 or so men and four or five sails. So Clemmons was right: the pyramid builders could have ud kites to lift massive stones into place. Whether they actually did is another matter, Gharib says. There are no pictures showing the construction of the pyramids, so there is no way to tell what really happened. The evidence for using kites to move large stones is no better or wor than the evidence for the brute force method, Gharib says.
Indeed, the experiments have left many specialists unconvinced. The evidence for
kite-lifting is non-existent, says Willeke Wendrich, an associate professor of Egyptology at the University of California, Los Angeles.
宝宝游泳视频
Others feel there is more of a ca for the theory. Harnessing the wind would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians. And they are known to have ud wooden pulleys, which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone. In addition, there is some physical evidence that the ancient Egyptians were interested in flight. A wooden artefact found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks uncannily like a modern glider. Although it dates from veral hundred years after the building of the pyramids, its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time. And other ancient civilisations certainly knew about kites; as early as 1250 BC, the Chine were using them to deliver messages and dump flaming debris on their foes.
The experiments might even have practical us nowadays. There are plenty of places ar
ound the globe where people have no access to heavy machinery, but do know how to deal with wind, sailing and basic mechanical principles. Gharib has already been contacted by a civil engineer in Nicaragua, who wants to put up buildings with adobe roofs supported by concrete arches on a site that heavy equipment cant reach. His idea is to build the arches horizontally, then lift them into place using kites. Weve given him some design hints, says Gharib. Were just waiting for him to report back. So whether they were actually ud to build the pyramids or not, it ems that kites may make nsible construction tools in the 21 st century AD.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 It is generally believed that large numbers of people were needed to build the pyramids.
河伯的新娘20172 Clemmons found a strange hieroglyph on the wall of an Egyptian monument.
3 Gharib had previously done experiments on bird flight.
4 Gharib and Graff tested their theory before applying it.
5 The success of the actual experiment was due to the high speed of the wind.
6 They found that, as the kite flew higher, the wind force got stronger.
7 The team decided that it was possible to u kites to rai very heavy stones. Questions 8-13
Complete the summary below.
Choo NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
Additional evidence for theory of kite-lifting
什么是茶艺The Egyptians had 8 ………… which could lift large pieces of 9 ………… , and they knew how to u the energy of the wind from their skill as 10 ………… . The discovery on one pyramid of an object which rembled a 11 ………… suggests they may have experimented with 12 ………… . In addition, over two thousand years ago kites were ud in China as weapons, as well as for nding 13 ………… .
READING PASSAGE 1
篇章结构
体裁说明文
主题线牵金字塔
结构引言：引出Marcus Chown的新观点。
第一段：介绍Marcus关于金字塔修建的新观点。
博览群书第二段：该观点引起另一位科学家Morteza的兴趣。
第三段：为验证该观点提出的实验假设。
第四段：实验获得成功。
第五段：对实验结果的分析。
第六段：对该观点存在不同的声音。
第七段：对于该观点的其他解释及依据。
第八段：该实验在现实中的应用。
必背词汇
引言
pyramid n. 金字塔reckon v. 料想
第一段
conventional adj. 通常的，常规的hieroglyph n. 象形文字，图画文字slave n. 奴隶odd adj. 古怪的
drag vt. 拖，拉posture n. 姿势
sledge n. 雪橇via prep. 经由
back up 支持mechanical adj. 机械的
software n. 软件giant adj. 巨大的
consultant n. 顾问wonder v. 好奇
peru vt. 翻阅，浏览object n. 物体
monument n. 历史遗迹，遗址
第二段
intrigue v. 激起……的兴趣keen adj. 强烈的，浓厚的
contact v. 联系puzzled adj. 困惑的
aeronautics n. 航空学spark v. 激发
institute n. 学院apparently adv. 显然
fascinate v. 强烈地吸引investigate v. 调查，研究
快手天佑第三段
column n. 柱，圆柱sustain v. 维持
horizontal adj. 水平的pulley n. 滑车，滑轮
vertical adj. 垂直的magnify v. 放大
source n. 来源rig v. 装配
initial adj. 最初的tent-shaped adj. 帐篷形状的
calculation n. 计算scaffold n. 支架
wind-tunnel adj. 风洞的suspend v. 悬挂
convince v. 说服，使……相信apex n. 顶点，最高点
tonne n. 吨roll v. (使)滚动
modest adj. 温和的，适度的trolley n. 手推车
第四段
rectangular n. 矩形instant n. 立即，瞬间
nylon n. 尼龙generate v. 产生
absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地mere adj. 仅仅的
stun v. 使目瞪口呆
第五段
gentle adj. 温和的；徐缓的massive adj. 巨大的
steady adj. 稳定的，不变的actually adv. 实际上
state n. 状态construction n. 建设，建造
jerk v. 急拉brute adj. 无理性的
reali v. 意识到
第六段
specialist n. 专家no-existent adj. 不存在的
unconvinced adj. 不信服的associate professor 副教授
第七段
harness v. 利用uncannily adv. 异常地
accomplished adj. 熟练的，有造诣的glider n. 滑翔机
Egyptian n. 埃及人sophistication n. 精密性，复杂性
wooden adj. 木制的civilisation n. 文明
block n. 大块dump v. 倾卸，倾倒
physical adj. 物质的flaming adj. 燃烧的
ancient adj. 古代的，古老的debris n. 碎片，残骸
artefact n. 人工制品foe n. 敌人
第八段
practical adj. 实际的concrete adj. 水泥的
access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利arch n. 拱顶
civil engineer 土木工程师hint n. 建议，指点
adobe n. 泥砖，土坯nsible adj. 切合实际的
难句解析业态分布
1. And since he needed a summer project for his student Emilio Graff, investigating the possibility of using kites as heavy lifters emed like a good idea.
参考译文：因为他刚好需要给学生Emilio Graff布置一项暑假研究计划，调查用风筝做起重器的可能性是一个好主意。
语言点：
(1) investigate: v. to try to find out the truth about or the cau of something
The state police are investigating the incident.
I heard a noi and went downstairs to investigate.
(2) em: v. to appear to exist or be true, or to have a particular quality
a. em like
Teri emed like a nice girl.
b. it ems (that)...
It emed that Freeman had killed the man, and dumped the body in the lake.
2. The instant the sail opened into the wind, a huge force was generated and the column was raid to the vertical in a mere 40 conds.
参考译文：风帆在风中展开那一刻产生一股巨大的风力，仅花了40秒石柱就被抬离地面。
语言点：
(1)句型分析
逗号之前的部分为the instant引导的时间状语从句，在instant后面若加上when 应该就不难理解了。
(2) generate
a. v. to produce or cau something
The program would generate a lot of new jobs.
b. v. to produce heat, electricity, or another form of energy
Wind turbines generate electricity for the local community.
3. There are plenty of places around the globe where people have no access to heavy machinery, but do know how to deal with wind, sailing and basic mechanical principles.
参考译文：世界上很多地方的人没有大型机械，却知道如何利用风能、航海和
基本的机械原理。
语言点：
(1) have access to sth.: to have sth. that you can u
Her mother doesn't have access to the advanced one.
(2) deal with
a. to take the necessary action, especially in order to solve a problem
Don't worry, I'll deal with this problem.
b. if a book, speech et
花蟹的做法
c. deals with a particular subject, it is about that subject
The ideas are dealt with more fully in Chapter Four.
试题解析
Questions 1-7
•题目类型：True / Fal / Not Given
•题目解析：
1. It is generally believed that large numbers of people were needed
