How to U the IEEEtran L A T E X Class
Michael Shell,Member,IEEE
(Invited Paper)
Abstract—This article describes how to u the IEEEtran class with L A T E X to produce high quality typet papers that are suit-able for submission to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE).IEEEtran can produce conference,journal and technical note(correspondence)papers with a suitable choice of class options.This document was produced using IEEEtran in journal mode.
Index Terms—Class,IEEEtran,L A T E X,paper,style,template, typetting.
I.I NTRODUCTION
W ITH a recent IEEEtran classfile,a computer running L A T E X,and a basic understanding of the L A T E X language, an author can produce professional quality typet rearch papers very quickly,inexpensively,and with minimal effort. The purpo of this article is to rve as a ur guide of IEEEtran L A T E X class and to document its unique features and behavior.
This document applies to version1.7and later of IEEEtran. Prior versions do not have all of the features described here. IEEEtran will display the version number on the ur’s console when a document using it is being compiled.The latest version of IEEEtran and its supportfiles can be obtained from IEEE’s web site[1],or CTAN[2].This latter site may have some additional material,such as beta test versions andfiles related to non-IEEE us of IEEEtran.See the IEEEtran homepage [3]for frequently asked questions and recent news about IEEEtran.
Complimentary to this document are thefiles1bare_, and bare_ x which are“bare bones”example(template)files of a conference,journal and Computer Society journal paper2, respectively.Authors can quickly obtain a functional document by using thefiles as starters for their own work.A more advanced example featuring the u of optional packages along with more complex usage techniques,can be found in bare_
Manuscript created February25,2002;revid January11,2007.This work was supported by the IEEE.This work is distributed under the L A T E X Project Public Licen(LPPL)(www.latex-project/)version1.3.A copy of the LPPL,version1.3,is included in the ba L A T E X documentation of all distributions of L A T E X relead2003/12/01or later.The opinions expresd here are entirely that of the author.No warranty is expresd or implied.Ur assumes all risk.
See www.michaelshell/for current contact information.
1Note that it is the convention of this document not to hyphenate command orfile names and to display them in typewriter font.Within such constructs,spaces are not implied at a line break and will be explicitly carried into the beginning of the next line.This behavior is not a feature of IEEEtran, but is ud here to illustrate computer commands verbatim.
2Computer Society conferences are not sufficiently different from traditional conferences to warrant a parate examplefile.
It is assumed that the reader has at least a basic working knowledge of L A T E X.Tho so lacking are strongly encouraged to read some of the excellent literature on the subject[4]–[6]. General support for L A T E X related questions can be obtained in the internet ex.There is also a archable list of frequently asked questions about L A T E X[7]. Plea note that the appendices ctions contain information on installing the IEEEtran classfile as well as tips on how to avoid commonly made mistakes.
II.C LASS O PTIONS
There are a number of class options that can be ud to control the overall mode and behavior of IEEEtran.The are specified in the traditional L A T E X way.For example,
\documentclass[9pt,technote]{IEEEtran}
is ud with correspondence(technote)papers.The various categories of options will now be discusd.For each category, the default option is shown in bold.The ur must specify an option from each category in which the default is not the one desired.The various categories are totally orthogonal to each other—changes in one will not affect the defaults in the others.
A.9pt,10pt,11pt,12pt
There are four possible values for the normal text size. 10pt is ud by the vast majority of papers.Three notable exceptions are technote papers,which u9pt text,the initial submissions to some conferences that u11pt,and Computer Society papers which typically require12pt text.
B.draft,draftcls,draftclsnofoot,final
IEEEtran provides for three draft modes as well as the normalfinal mode.The draft modes provide a larger(double) line spacing to allow for editing comments as well as one inch margins on all four side
s of the paper.The standard draft option puts every package ud in the document into draft mode.With most graphics packages,this has the effect of disabling the rendering offigures.If this is not desired,one can u the draftcls option instead to yield a draft mode that will be confined within the IEEEtran class so thatfigures will be included as normal.draftclsnofoot is like draftcls,but does not display the word“DRAFT”along with the date at the foot of each page.Both draft and draftclsnofoot modes imply draftcls(which is a subt of the other two).When using one of the draft modes,most urs will also want to lect the onecolumn option.
0000–0000/00$00.00c 2007IEEE
le)to be executed at the place the cover page is to end—usually just after the abstract.This command will be silently ignored with the non-peerreview modes.See the bare templatefiles for an example of the placement of this command.The peerreviewca mode is like peerreview,but allows the author name information to be entered and formatted as is done in conference mode(e Section IV-B2for details)so that author affiliation and contact information is more visible to the editors.
1)Conference Mode Details:Conference mode makes a number of significant changes to the way IEEEtran behaves:•The margins are incread as the height of the text is reduced to about9.25in.In particular,the bottom margin will become larger than that of the top as IEEE wants extra clearance at the bottom.The text height will not be exactly9.25in,but will vary slightly with the normal font size to ensure an integer number of lines in a column.•Headings and page numbers are not displayed in the headers or footers.This,coupled with symmetric hori-zontal margins,means that there will not be a noticeable difference between the one and two sided options.•The\author text is placed within a tabular environment to allow for multicolumn formatting of author names and affiliations.Several commands are enabled to facilitate this formatting(e Section IV-B2for details).
•The spacing after the authors’names is reduced.So is the spacing around the ction names.
•The special paper notice(if ud)will appear between the author names and the title(not after as with journals).•Thefigure captions are centered.
•The following commands are intentionally disabled:\t hanks,\IEEEPARstart,\IEEEbiography,\IEEEb iographynophoto,\IEEEpubid,\IEEEpubidadjco l,\IEEEmembership,and\IEEEaftertitletext.If needed,they can be reenabled by issuing the command: \IEEEoverridecommandlockouts.
•Various reminder(related to camera ready work)and warning notices are enabled.
When using conference mode,most urs will also want to equalize the columns on the last page(e Section XIV).
3A blank page may be inrted after the cover page when using the twoside (duplex printing)option so that the beginning of the paper does not appear on the back side of the cover psoc
This option invokes a mode by which IEEEtran mimics the format of the publications of the IEEE Computer Society. Notable compsoc mode format features include:
•the default text font is changed from Times Roman to Palatino/Palladio(non-conference compsoc modes only);
虎皮鹦鹉公母•revid margins;
•Arabic ction numbering;
•enabling of the\IEEEcompsocitemizethanks and\I EEEcompsocthanksitem commands to provide for the \thanks(first footnote)itemized list ud for author affiliations;
•enabling of the\IEEEcompsoctitleabstractindex text command to provide for a single column abstract and index terms ctions;
•various other styling changes such as the u of:a sans rif(Helvetica)font for titles,headings,etc.;a ruled line above thefirst footnote area;left aligned reference labels;etc.
1)Compsoc Conference Mode:IEEEtran follows the pub-lished guidelines for IEEE Computer Society conference pa-pers[8].Perhaps surprisingly,this format nullifies many of the unique features of compsoc journals and is not so much different from traditional conference mode.However,Arabic ction numbering is retained.It should be mentioned that Scott Pakin’s IEEEconf L A T E X class[9]also produces this format.
E.letterpaper,a4paper
IEEEtran supports both US letter(8.5in×11in)and A4 (210mm×297mm)paper sizes.Since IEEE primarily us US letter,authors should usually lect the letterpaper option before submitting their work to IEEE—unless told otherwi (typically by conferences held outside the United States). Changing the paper size will not alter the typetting of the document—only the margins will be affected.In particular, documents using the a4paper option will have reduced side margins(A4is narrower than US letter)and a longer bottom margin(A4is longer than US letter).For both cas,the top margins will be the same and the text will be horizontally centered.
Note that authors should ensure that all post-processing (ps,pdf,etc.)us the same paper specification document.Problems here are by far the number one reason for incorrect margins.See Appendix B for more details.
The options control whether the layout follows that of single sided or two sided(duplex)printing.Becau the side margins are normally centered,the main notable difference is in the format of the running headings.
The options allow the ur to lect between one and two column text formatting.Since IEEE always us two column text,the onecolumn option is of interest only with draft papers.
SHELL:HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN L A T E X CLASS3
IEEEtran defaults to numbering appendices alphabetically
(e.g.,A,B,etc.).Invoke this option to get Roman numbering.
西洋参泡水喝的功效I.captionsoff
Invoking this option will inhibit the display of captions
withinfigures and tables.This is done in a manner that
prerves the operation of\label within\caption.This
option is intended for journals,such as IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON P OWER E LECTRONICS(TPE),that requirefigures and tables to placed,captionless,on pages of their own at the
end
of the document.Suchfigure placement can be achieved with
the help of James McCauley and Jeff Goldberg’s endfloat.sty
package[10]:
\upackage[nomarkers]{endfloat}
Note that the TPE has other unusual formatting requirements
that also require the draftclassnofoot and onecolumn options
as well as the inrtion of page breaks(\newpage)just prior
to thefirst ction as well as the bibliography.Such commands
can be enabled conditionally via the\ifCLASSOPTIONcapt ionsoff conditional(Section III-A).
IEEEtran normally alters the default interword spacing to be like that ud in IEEE publications.The result is text that requires less hyphenation and generally looks more pleasant, especially for two column text.The nofonttune option will disable the adjustment of the font parameters.This option should be of interest only to tho who are using fonts specifically designed or modified for u with two column work.
III.T HE CLASSINPUT,CLASSOPTION AND
CLASSINFO C ONTROLS
IEEEtran offers three catagories of special commands that allow information to be pasd between the classfile and the ur’s document:
•CLASSINPUTs are inputs that provide a way to cus-tomize the operation of IEEEtran by overriding some of the default ttings(at the time IEEEtran is loaded);•CLASSOPTIONs which are outputs that allow for condi-tional compilation bad on which IEEEtran class options have been lected;
男生二次元头像•CLASSINFOs which are outputs that allow the ur a way to access additional information about the IEEEtran runtime environment.
A.CLASSINPUTs
The available CLASSINPUTs include:\CLASSINPUTba linestretch which ts the line spacing of the document; \CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin which ts the margin at the inner(binding)edge;\CLASSINPUToutersidemargin which ts the margin at the outer edge;\CLASSINPUTtopt extmargin which ts the top margin;\CLASSINPUTbotto mtextmargin which ts the bottom margin.Of cour,such parameters can be t via the traditional L A T E X interface(\odd sidemargin,\topmargin,etc.).However,the advantage of of using the CLASSINPUT approach is that it allows IEEEtran to adjust other internal parameters and perform any additional calculations as needed.For example,tting the side margins in L A T E X requires a careful tting of\oddsidemargin,\e vensidemargin and\textwidth taking into consideration the paper size and whether or not duplex(two-sided)printing is being ud.
To invoke a CLASSINPUT,just define the relavant CLASS-INPUT as desired prior to the loading of IEEEtran.For example,
\newcommand{\CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin}{17mm}
\documentclass{IEEEtran}
will yield a document that has17mm side margins—if only one of the innerside/outerside(or toptext/bottomtext)margin pair is specified,IEEEtran will assume the ur wants sym-metric side(or top/bottom)margins and will t both values of the relavant pair to the(single)ur specified value. IEEEtran us thefixed values of12pt and0.25in for\h eadheight and\headp,respectively.The position of the header can be altered after IEEEtran is loaded,without changing the margins as long as the sum of\topmargin, \headheight and\headp is prerved.For example,the header can be shifted upwards0.2in using:
\addtolength{\headp}{0.2in}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-0.2in}
Likewi,\footskip,which has a default value of0.4in,can easily be changed to alter the position of the footer within the bottom margin.
When using\CLASSINPUTbalinestretch,IEEEtran will automatically“digitize”\textheight so that an integer number of lines willfit on a page(as is done in the draft modes).Digitization is not done when the top or bottom margins are t via CLASSINPUTs.Urs are cautioned that using CLASSINPUT controls can result in documents that are not compliant with the IEEE’s standards.The intended appli
cations include:(1)conferences or societies that have unusual formatting requirements;(2)producing copies with nonstandard margins such as when binding for personal u; and(3)non-IEEE related work.
B.CLASSOPTIONs
CLASSOPTIONs are primarily T E X\if conditionals that are automatically t bad on which IEEEtran options are being ud.Thus,for example,a construct such as
\ifCLASSOPTIONconference
\typeout{in conference mode}
\el
\typeout{not in conference mode}
\fi
can be ud to provide for conditional code execution.Plea note that,as mentioned in Section II-B,t
he draft and draft-clsnofoot options imply draftcls.So,most urs will want to test\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls for detecting the draft modes.
4JOURNAL OF L A T E X CLASS FILES,VOL.6,NO.1,JANUARY2007
For the document’s point size options,\CLASSOPTIONp t is defined as a macro that expands to the numerical part of the lected point ,9,10,11or12).For the paper size options,\CLASSOPTIONpaper will be a macro that contains the paper specifi,letter,a4).To u the as conditionals will require a string macro comparison: \newcommand{\myninestring}{9}
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\myninestring
\typeout{document is9pt}
\fi
Urs should treat the CLASSOPTIONs as being“read-only”and not attempt to manually alter their values becau IEEE-tran us them internally asflags to determine which options have been lected—changing theflags will likely result in improper formatting.
C.CLASSINFOs
The available CLASSINFOs include the\ifCLASSINFOp df conditional which works much like Heiko Oberdiek’s if-pdf.sty package[11]to indicate if PDF output(from pdfL A T E X) is in effect:
\ifCLASSINFOpdf
\typeout{PDF mode}
\fi
IEEEtran.cls also provides the lengths\CLASSINFOnorma lsizebalineskip,which is the\balineskip of the normalsize font,and\CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybali neskip,which is the\balineskip of the normalsize font under unity\balinestetch.
Finally,there are the string macros(the are not condition-als or lengths)\CLASSINFOpaperwidth and\CLASSINF Opaperheight which contain the paper dimensions in their native specifications including ,8.5in,22mm,etc.). As with CLASSOPTIONs,urs should not attempt to alter the CLASSINFOs.
IV.T HE T ITLE P AGE
The parts of the document unique to the title area are created using the standard L A T E X command\maketitle.Before this command is called,the author must declared all of the text objects which are to appear in the title area.
A.Paper Title
The paper title is declared like:
\title{A Heuristic Coconut-bad Algorithm}
in the standard L A T E X manner.Line breaks(\\)may be ud to equalize the length of the title lines.
样子生活B.Author Names
李鸿章传
The name and associated information is declared with the \author command.\author behaves slightly differently depending on the document mode.
1)Names in Journal/Technote Mode:A typical\author command for a journal or technote paper looks something like this:
\author{Michael˜Shell,˜\IEEEmembership{Member,˜IEEE, }John˜Doe,˜\IEEEmembership{Fellow,˜OSA,}and˜Jane˜D oe,˜\IEEEmembership{Life˜Fellow,˜IEEE}%
\thanks{Manuscript received January20,2002;revi d January30,2002.This work was supported by the I EEE.}%
\thanks{M.Shell is with the Georgia Institute of Te chnology.}}
The\IEEEmembership command is ud to produce the italic font that indicates the authors’IEEE membership status. The\thanks command produces the“first footnotes.”Be-cau the L A T E X\thanks was not designed to contain multiple paragraphs4,authors will have to u a parate\thanks for each paragraph.However,if needed,regular line breaks (\\)can be ud within\thanks.In order to get proper line breaks and spacing,it is important to correctly u and control the spaces within\author.U nonbreaking spaces(˜)to ensure that name/membership pairs remain together.A minor, but easy,mistake to make is to forget to prevent unwanted spaces from getting between commands which u delimited ({})arguments.Note the two%which rve to prevent the code line break on lines ending in a}from becoming an unwanted space.Such a space would not be ignored as an end-of-line space becau,technically,the last\thanks is thefinal command on the li
ne.“Phantom”spaces like the would append to the end of the last author’s name,causing the otherwi centered name line to shift very slightly to the left.
2)Names in Conference Mode:The author name area is more complex when in conference mode becau it also contains the authors’affiliations.For this reason,when in conference mode,the contents of\author{}are placed into a modified tabular environment.The commands\IE EEauthorblockN{}and\IEEEauthorblockA{}are also provided so that it is easy to correctly format the author names and affiliations,respectively.For papers with three or less affiliations,a multicolumn format is preferred:
\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Michael Shell}
\IEEEauthorblockA{School of Electrical and\\
Computer Engineering\\
Georgia Institute of Technology\\
Atlanta,Georgia30332--0250\\
Email:mshell@ece.gatech.edu}
\and
\IEEEauthorblockN{Homer Simpson}
\IEEEauthorblockA{Twentieth Century Fox\\
Springfield,USA\\
Email:}
\and
\IEEEauthorblockN{James Kirk\\
and Montgomery Scott}
\IEEEauthorblockA{Starfleet Academy\\反映问题
San Francisco,California96678-2391\\
Telephone:(800)555--1212\\食物链的组成
宝蛤
Fax:(888)555--1212}}
U\and to parate the affiliation columns.The columns will automatically be centered with respect to each other and the side margins.
4Although IEEEtran.cls does support it,the standard class do not.
SHELL:HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN L A T E X CLASS5
If there are more than three authors and/or the text is too wide tofit across the page,u an alternate format:
\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Michael Shell\IEEEauthorre fmark{1},Homer Simpson\IEEEauthorrefmark{2},James K irk\IEEEauthorrefmark{3},Montgomery Scott\IEEEautho rrefmark{3}and Eldon Tyrell\IEEEauthorrefmark{4}}
\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{1}School of Ele ctrical and Computer Engineering\\
Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,Georgia30 332--0250\\
Email:mshell@ece.gatech.edu}
\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{2}Twentieth Cen tury Fox,Springfield,USA\\
Email:}
\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{3}Starfleet Aca demy,San Francisco,California96678-2391\\ Telephone:(800)555--1212,Fax:(888)555--1212}
\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{4}Tyrell Inc., 123Replicant Street,Los Angeles,California90210 --4321}}
The\IEEEauthorrefmark{}command will generate a foot-note symbol corresponding to the number in its argument.U this to link the author names to their respective affiliations.It is not necessary prevent spaces from being between the\IEEEa uthorblock’s becau each block starts a new group of lines and L A T E X will ignore spaces at the very end and beginning of lines.
3)Names in Compsoc Journal Mode:One unique feature of Computer Society journals is that author affiliations are for-matted in an itemized list within thefirst(\thanks)footnote. In compsoc mode,IEEEtran provides a special form of\tha nks,\IEEEcompsocitemizethanks,to obtain this effect: \author{Michael˜Shell,˜\IEEEmembership{Member,˜IEEE, }John˜Doe,˜\IEEEmembership{Fellow,˜OSA,}and˜Jane˜D oe,˜\IEEEmembership{Life˜Fellow,˜IEEE}%
\IEEEcompsocitemizethanks{\IEEEcompsocthanksitem M. Shell is with the Georgia Institute of Technology. \IEEEcompsocthanksitem J.Doe and J.Doe are with An onymous University.}%
\thanks{Manuscript received January20,2002;revi d January30,2002.}}
Within\IEEEcompsocitemizethanks,\IEEEcompsoctha nksitem works like\item to provide a bulleted affiliation group.To facilitate dual compilation,in non-compsoc mode, IEEEtran treats\IEEEcompsocitemizethanks as\thanks and ts\IEEEcompsocthanksitem to generate a line break with indentation.However,this is not entirely satisfactory as Computer Society journals place the author affiliations before the“manuscript received”line while traditional IEEE journals u the rever order.If correct dual compilation is needed, the CLASSOPTION conditionals can be employed to swap the order as needed.
4)Names in Compsoc Conference Mode:Names in comp-soc conference mode are done in the same way as traditional conference mode.However,becau the compsoc conference mode us much larger margins,there is typically room for only two(rather than three)affiliation columns before the alternate single column format is required.
C.Running Headings
The running headings are declared with the\markboth{ }{}command.Thefirst argument contains the journal name information and the cond contains the author name and paper title.For example:
\markboth{Journal of Quantum Telecommunications,˜Vol .˜1,No.˜1,˜January˜2025}{Shell\MakeLowerca{\text it{et al.}}:A Novel Tin Can Link}
Note that becau the text in the running headings is automat-ically capitalized,the\MakeLowerca{}command must be ud to obtain lower ca text.The cond argument is ud as a page heading only for the odd number pages after the title page for two sided(duplex)journal papers.This page is such an example.Technote papers do not utilize the cond argument.Conference papers do not have running headings, so\markboth{}{}has no effect when in conference mode. Authors should not put any name information in the headings (if ud)of anonymous peer review papers.
D.Publication ID Marks
Publication ID marks can be placed on the title page of journal and technote papers via the\IEEEpubid{}command: \IEEEpubid{0000--0000/00\$00.00˜\copyright˜2007IEEE }
Although authors do not yet have a valid publication ID at the time of paper submission,\IEEEpubid{}is uful becau it provides a means to e how much of the title page text area will be unavailable in thefinal publication.This is especially important in technote papers becau,in some journals,the publication ID space can consume more than one text line.If \IEEEpubid{}is ud,a cond command,\IEEEpubidad jcol must be issued somewhere in the cond column of the title page.This is needed becau L A T E X rets the text height at the beginning of each column.\IEEEpubidadjcol“pulls up”the text in the cond column to prevent it from blindly running into the publication ID.
Publication IDs are not to be placed by the author on camera ready conference papers so\IEEEpubid{}is disabled in conference mode.Instead the bottom margin is automatically incread by IEEEtran when in conference mode to give IEEE room for such marks at the time of publication.In draft mode, the publisher ID mark will not be printed at the bottom of the titlepage,but room will be cleared for it.
Publication ID marks are perhaps less important with compsoc papers becau Computer Society journals place the publisher ID marks within the bottom margin so as not to affect the amount of page space available for text.
E.Special Paper Notices
Special paper notices,such as for invited papers,can be declared with:
\IEEEspecialpapernotice{(Invited Paper)}
Special paper notices in journal and technote papers appear between the author names and the main text.The title page of this document has an example.For conference papers,the special paper notice is placed between the title and the author names.
Much more rarely,there is sometimes a need to gain access to the space across both columns just above the main text.
