倒装句、强调句、省略句、插入语小盘点
——2009-10-30
一、倒装句型考点聚焦
完全倒装 | 1. 当表地点的here, there，表时间的now, then和表方位变化的副词up, down, in, out, off, away放在句首时。谓语动词常用come, go, lie, run等表位移的动词，该动词不用进行时。 〖温馨提示〗代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。 2. 当表地点的介词短语放在句首时。 In front of the hou stands a big tree. 3. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。若主语为代词，则不倒装。 “Let’s go,” said the man/he said. 4. 在“There be…”结构中，此结构中的be还可以用em, appear, stand, lie, live, exist, remain等来代替。 5. 在主系表结构中，把表语提前以示强调。结构为“表语（形容词/过去分词/介词短语）+系动词+主语”。 1) Prent at the meeting were …出席会议的有…… 2) Gone are the days when……的日子一去不复返了。 3) Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. |
部分倒装 | 1. 具有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装。常见的这类词或短语有not, little, never, ldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time, under no circumstances等。 2. 用于no sooner…than…, hardly…when…, not until…句型中。 1) Not until the teacher came did he finished his homework. 2) No sooner has she gone out than the telephone rang. 3. 当so, neither, nor表示前面的所说的情况也适用于后者放在句首时。肯定用so，否定用neither或nor。 1) He hasn’t finish his work, nor/neither have I. 2) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 〖温馨提示〗①当so引出的句子是对上文内容表示肯定或赞同时，不用倒装。②若前面含有两种以上，如既有实义动词又有情态动词，或既有肯定也有否定的情况，则用It is the same with…或So it is with… 1) —It was very hot yesterday. —So it was and so is it today. 2) He came late for school, but he was not punished. So it was with me./ It is the same with me. 4. 当only修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）放在句首时。〖温馨提示〗①当only强调主语时，不倒装。②如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。 1) Only then did I realize I was wrong. 2) Only in this way can we master English. 3) Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. 5. so/such…that…句型中的so/such位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装。 1) So frightened was he that he didn’t dare to go out. 2) Such a lovely girl is she that everyone likes her. 6. 在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should时，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前，用部分倒装。 如何使用消防栓1) Were I you, I would try again. 2) Should it rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors. 3) Had he followed my advice, he would have succeed. 7. 用于“形容词/副词/名词/动词+as/though”引导的让步状语从句中。〖温馨提示〗如果表语是名词时，名词前不用任何冠词。 1) Try as he would, he might fail again. 2) Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 3) Child as he is, he knows a lot. 8. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。 May you succeed!祝你成功！ May you all be happy!祝大家幸福！ |
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二、强调句型考点聚焦
1. 基本结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who…
2. 一般疑问句：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who…
3. 童话作文特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…
4. not…until…的强调句型：It is/was not until…that…
5. 如果要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does/did。
1) He did write to you last week.
2) Do be careful when crossing the street.
6. 用on earth, in the world短语放在疑问词之后，进行强调。
Where on earth/in the world did you go last night?
大气电场7. 强调句型和几个相似句型的比较
✧ It is/was +表语+that…
✧ It is/was +过去分词+that…
✧ It is/has been +时间段+since…
✧ It was/will be +时间段+before…
✧ It is/was +序数词+that…
✧ It be +时间+when…
1) It is necessary that we master a foreign language.
2) It’s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
3) It is two years since he joined the army.
4) It won’t be long before she recovers.
5) It is the first time that I have been here.
雨点6) It was about noon when we got there.
7) It was at about noon that we got there.
三、省略考点聚焦
1. 在从属连词if, unless, when, while, until/till, though, even though/if, as, as if, than等所引导的状语从句中，如果状语从句的谓语有be，同时主语与从句主语一致或是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。
1) He picked up a wallet while walking in the street.
2) I’ll go to help you if necessary.
3) We finished the task two days earlier than expected.
〖特别提醒〗感动中国十大人物before和after引导时间状语从句时，通常不采用以上省略形式。如果从句主语和主句主语一致，可把before/after用作介词，后面跟动词或名词形式。
1) He gradually recovered after being treated for a time.
2) You must finish your work first before going out to play.
2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（不可用it或that）。动词不定式的省略：在一定的语境中，在某些动词（want, wish, hope, like, love等）之后，为了避免重复，常只保留to，省略不定式结构中的其余部分。〖特别提醒〗如果是to be或to have done结构，则在进行省略时需在to之后保留be或have。
3. 语境省略和语篇省略
✧ 语境省略：在对话中，交谈双方都知道所谈论的对象或内容，则可以依据情节进行必要的省略，被省略部分可根据语境补出。
1) —Let’s go to the aside this weekend.
—______ a good idea.
A. Sound B. Sounding C. Sounds D. Sounded
2) —Where did you get to know her?第一次炒菜作文
—It was on the farm _____we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
✧ 语篇省略：为避免重复，依靠上下文的省略现象；能在上下文中找到省略部分。
Tom has gone home, but I don’t know why ( he has gone home).
四、插入语考点聚焦
1. 单词插入语（多为副词）：indeed, surely, still, otherwi，certainly, however, generally, 保洁工personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily南京著名景点, though, besides, exactly, perhaps, maybe, probably, frankly等。
2. 短语插入语：in fact, in one’s opinion, in general, in a word, in other words, of cour, by the way, as a result, for example, on the contrary, on the other hand, to one’s surpri,
3. 短语插入语：in fact, in one’s opinion, in general, in a word,
4. in fact, in one’s opinion, in general, in a word, in other words, of cour, by the way, as a result, for example, on the contrary, on the other hand, to one’s surpri, in short, as a matter of fact, in conclusion, in brief, or rather, most important of all, sure enough等。
5. V-ing（短语）作插入语。常见的有：generally speaking, strictly speaking, judging from/ by, talking of, considering等。
6. 不定式短语作插入语。常见的有：to be frank，to be honest，to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make matters wor，to sum up，to start with，to begin with等。
7. 句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语。能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure, I believe, I think, I know, I suppo, I hope, I’m afraid, you e, what’s more, that is to say, believe it or not等。
8. do you think等常可作为插入语用于特殊疑问句中。其句型为：疑问词+do you think+其他（正常语序）。常用于这种结构中的动词有think, guess, suggest, suppo, believe, imagine等。
五、There be句型
1. There be 句型中的常用动词。除了动词be之外，还可以用em, appear, exist, stand, lie, rain, remain等动词
2. There be句型中的主谓一致。主语和谓语be必须在数上一致。如果有两个以上的主语，谓语依最近的主语而定。
3. There be +主语+非谓语（to do/doing/done）
六、主谓一致考点聚焦
（一）就近原则
1. 在由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数采用就近原则。
2. There be结构中如果有两个和两个以上的主语时，采用就进原则。
（二）语法一致原则
1. 由and连接名词的情况
1) 主语由and或both…and…连接时，表示不同的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。
2) and连接的两个名词表示同一人或物时，谓语用单数。
