英语中考专题总复习
死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。但随着素质教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力发展的教学方式,渐渐为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。其实,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素质并不矛盾。相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。
要练说,得练听。听是说的前提,听得准确,才有条件正确模仿,才能不断地掌握高一级水平的语言。我在教学中,注意听说结合,训练幼儿听的能力,课堂上,我特别重视教师的语言,我对幼儿说话,注意声音清楚,高低起伏,抑扬有致,富有吸引力,这样能引起幼儿的注意。当我发现有的幼儿不专心听别人发言时,就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿,或是让他重复别人说过的内容,抓住教育时机,要求他们专心听,用心记。平时我还通过各种趣味活动,培养幼儿边听边记,边听边想,边听边说的能力,如听词对词,听词句说意思,听句子辩正误,听故事讲述故事,听谜语猜谜底,听智力故事,动脑筋,出主意,听儿歌上句,接儿歌下句等,这样幼儿学得生动活泼,轻松愉快,既训练了听的能力,强化了记忆,又发展了思维,为说打下了基础。 专题一:中考英语复习资料:名词考点集汇、讲解和训练
观察内容的选择,我本着先静后动,由近及远的原则,有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的,能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的,是相当有趣的,如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等,孩子一边观察,一边提问,兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象,注意形象逼真,色彩鲜明,大小适中,引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察,保证每个幼儿看得到,看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法,即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察,观察与说话相结合,在观察中积累词汇,理解词汇,如一次我抓住时机,引导幼儿观察雷雨,雷雨前天空急剧变化,乌云密布,我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的,有的孩子说:乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时,我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来,我抓住时机说:“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨,我问:“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了,我就舀一盆水往下一倒,作比较观察,让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后,我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空,朗诵自编的一首儿歌:“蓝天高,白云飘,鸟儿飞,树儿摇,太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情,幼儿不仅印象深刻,对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快,记得牢,而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上,引导幼儿联想,让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来,在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的,尖尖的,硬硬的,像医生用的手术刀―样,给大树开刀治病。通过联想,幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。 【考点直击】
1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法;
2.名词所有格的构成及用法;
3.近义名词的辨析。
【名师点睛】
一、名词的数
1.单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:
(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→bus,class→class,box→boxes,
watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(3)以ce, , ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。
(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。
(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。
(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。
复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。
复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法
甜品大全
情 况 | 读法 | 例 词 |
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 | [s] | cups, hats, cakes |
在[s][z][t][][ ]等音后 | 旋转的三要素[iz] | glass, pages, oranges, bus, watches,faces |
在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后 | [z] | beds, dogs, cities, knives |
| | |
(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mou→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:two men workers, three women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chine,Japane,sheep,people ,deer(鹿),fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾,如:fishes.为人处世
(8)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk,a three-month holiday,a 15-meter-deep hole,a 1000-word article
(9)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trours(裤子),clothes,jeans,shoes,socks,chopsticks(筷子),glass(眼镜),goods(货物),scissors(剪刀),compass(圆规)。
(10)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:
physics, mathematics/maths,the United States, Niagara Falls,news, falls(它们只是以s结尾的单数名词)
2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:二品
(1)用much, a little, little,a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:
The rich man has a lot of money.There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any water in the glass?
I don't like winter becau there's too much snow and ice.
(2)用“数词-量词-of” 这类定语来修饰,例如:
a piece of paper,a piece of bread, a bottle (瓶)of orange juice, a glass of water(milk) a cup of tea a bag of rice, a piece of music
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:
two cups of tea,four pieces of paper three glass of water
二、名词的所有格
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' room 2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's,如:Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey(旅程),a meter's length(长度),two pounds' weight(重量), ten dollars' worth(价值)。雪景描写语段
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father's。
【注意】高中周记大全
如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
【中考演练】一. 单项填空
1. The _________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor
C. women doctors D. woman doctor
2. This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s
C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s
3.---Are there any ____ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.
A. hor B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
4.---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange juice? ---Orange juice, plea. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
5.--- Where have you been, Tim? --- I’ve been to ______.
A. the Henry hou B. the Henry family
C. The Henry’s home D. Henry’s
6.In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner
8.You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once
9.--- They are thirsty. Will you plea give them __ ? ---Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
10.Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
11.There is some _______ on the plate.
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
12.In England, the last name is the _______ .
A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name
13.The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans
14.The______ has two _______ . A. boys; watches
B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
15.The little baby has two _______ already.河鳗
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
16.What’s your _______ for being late again?
A. idea B. key C. excu D. news
17.--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.
--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.
A. woman and children B. women and child
C. woman and child D. women and children
18.--- You can e Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop. --- Thanks. A.ENTRANCE
B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
19.Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?
A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’s Day
C. Childrens Day D. Children Day
20.Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406
C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词。
1. We’ve got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library.
2. Plea turn to another _______(频道), I don’t like this show.
3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off becau of the bad weather.
.4. Autumn is my favourite (季节)
5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have? ---Three.
6. __________ are widely ud in the modern world. 招行信用卡还款
7. June 1st is __________(儿童) Day.
8. Mary, would you plea tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.
9. ---Does this piece of ______(音乐) sound nice? ---Yes. It’s wonderful!
10. May 12th is the International _______(护士) Day. Let’s say “ Thanks” to them for their work.
三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。
1. “What’s your n_______?” “Li Lei.”
2. How many d_______ does your uncle have?
3. Plea clo the w______. It’s cold outside.
4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.
5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.
6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.
7. At the a______ of ven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.
8. It’s only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.
9. Health is more important to me than m_______.
10. Be careful! It’s d__________ to run across the street now.