英国⽂学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分
莎⼠⽐亚
1.Sonnet 18(B1,P118)
（theme：It talks about the poet’s faith in the permanence of poetry.The message is that in this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except poetry or art; and your beauty can only last if I write it down in my poetry. Transiency of time is also the themes of Sonnet 18. Content: On the surface, the poem is a statement of prai about the beauty of the beloved woman. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precily becau it is embodied in the sonnet. To him, her beauty must be like the eternal summer, but he does not want it to fade with time. Thus the best way to prerve her beauty is to keep it in this poem. The final couplet explains that the beloved’s ―eternal summer‖ will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet. Comments: Actually, the writer wanted to express his view that art can keep the beauty forever. Art not only can make people enjoy the beauty by reading it, but also be a beauty itlf. Natural beauty would be knocked out with the passing of the time. Only the art brings the eternity. For the speaker, love transcends nature. The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail(减少) it. The speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of the written word-through the sonnet itlf.
Figures of Speech:
Rhetorical questioning: the 1st line, to ud to create a tone of respect, and to engage the audience;
Metaphor: Shakespeare opens the poem with a metaphor, comparing the woman he loves to all of the best characteristics of a summer's day and she is far more beautiful and even tempered than the most desirable summer weather; Personification:
It is worth mentioning Shakespeare's u of personification here. He gives the sun an eye, a human attribute, and in the next line, a complexion.小学生垒球
Parallelism:
The final couplet, ud to emphasize the message: the beauty of the subject will be immortalized by the power of his art.）2.Sonnet 29(B1,P119)
(theme: The theme of Sonnet 29 is to show the importance of love which can overpower the feelings of lf-hate. Content: it starts with the speaker talking about how much he dislikes his life. The speaker sites many examples of why this is how he feels. Then the speaker talks about how he by change thinks about his love and it lifts his spirits. The whole poem express the changes of the aut
hor's inner feelings,which are from disappoint to hopeful,from negative to positive ,from desperate to affectionate ,from lf-abad to confident.
Figures of Speech:
Metaphors: It were ud in lines 10-12. In the lines, he compares his love to the lark who sings songs to the heavens. Shakespeare us this metaphor becau he wants to show the reader how happy the thought of his true love makes him feel. Symbolizes: In the first three lines, he symbolizes that he is jealous of everything in society. He us symbolism here becau he wants the reader to know that the speaker feels like an outcast compared to the rest of society.
symbolism In the eleventh line, the symbolism is that the speaker is describing his lover as a lark. He us this symbolism becau he is portraying that his lover is as lovely as a songbird singing to the heavens.
Personification: It can be found in line 3. Shakespeare is giving Heaven human like characteristics, such as the ability to hear. He includes this in his sonnet becau this adds to the lonesomeness the speaker is feeling, since even God will not answer his wishes.
Repetition:―like him‖ and ―mans‖ in lines 6 and 7, This emphasizes that he wants to me like the other men other than remaining like himlf
Alliteration(头韵): ―think, thee, then‖ in line 11
Rhyme:follows pattern: abab cdcd ebeb ff, ex. ―state, fate, gate‖ and ―brings, kings‖ The u of rhyme is very common in sonnets.)
弥尔顿
3.On His Blindness(B1，P148）法语作文
(Theme: Its theme is that people u their talent for God, and they rve him best so can endure the suffering best. This sonnet is written as a result of Milton’s grief, as he lost his eye sight at his middle age.
Content:
奶粉盒
Lines 1-8: Milton gets rather impatient at the thought of his blindness in the middle age. Blindness prevents him from using his poetic talent by writing something great to glorify God. In an impatient mood Milton doubts if God would be just in demanding work from a blind man like him.
Lines 8-14: Milton’s attitude of doubt pass off in a moment. His inner conscience ris up with its faith in God’s justice. He realizes that God does not need man’s work by way of rvice to him; nor does he care whether man us His gifts. He has a lot of angels working for him. So, patient submission to His will is the best rvice to Him.
Figures of Speech:
Alliteration: my days in this dark world and wide (line 2)
Metaphor: though my soul more bent / To rve therewith my Maker (lines 3-4). The author compares his soul to his mind. Personification/Metaphor: But Patience, to prevent / That murmur, soon replies . . . (lines 8-9).
Paradox: They also rve who only stand and wait.
Rhyme: This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. )
多恩
4.Song(B1, P134)
（Theme：Negative view about love. Content: The whole poem focus on the argument of whether beautiful women will be loyalty to love. In the first stanza, he u 6 impossible things to clarify his view that such women who both beautiful and loyalty do not exist in the world. In the cond stanza, he describes the journey of a man who was born to strange sights and sware that there were no women true, and fair. In the last stanza, he agreed that it would be sweet if there were women true, and fair, but he won’t change his belief that there exist no women who are both true and fair. Figures of Speech: 第⼀节中⽤了imperative ntence祈使句，像在对话；metaphor将找到美丽⽽忠贞的⼥⼦⽐作第⼀节中的做那些离奇怪诞的
事）
5.Valediction: Forbidding Mourning: (B1,P135)
（Theme:farewell and love. Content:In the first two stanzas the departure of the lovers is compared with the death of virtuous men. Then, he clarify that their love is high to the soul and the body departure cannot influence them any more. Their two souls are united into one like the gold that has excellent ductility. If souls are still two, then they will just like the compass, parated but never really divided. At last, he asked his wife to take care of the family so that he can complete his missio
ns without worries, just like the moving compass complete a full circle with the help of the fixed point.
Figures of Speech:
comparison⾼尚男⼈的死和他们的分离；
Metaphor(Conceit):The two lovers are likened to the two points of a compass. The idea of the wife staying and minding the hou while the husband goes away is old-fashioned now, but we can still comprehend it.
Pun: Take the lines Thy firmness makes my circle just,/ And makes me end, where I begun.. Here the compass is doing two different things, and both have significance. "End where I begun" implies the finish of a circle as drawn by a compass; only through his wife's stability in the centre, Donne argues, can his circle be drawn correctly. However it also implies the closing of the compass - and Donne coming home to be with his wife.
Symbolism: symbolism of gold is very important, as it is also the most precious and noble of all the metals. It is also the least reactive of all metals, which ties in with Donne's placing of the lovers above the emotional layer and makes their love difficult to destroy.
Comments:Donne's basic argument was that most people's relationships are built on purely nsual things - if they are not together at all times, the relationship breaks down. I agree with him, becau a real love should have no restrictions of distance or time, so long as lovers’ hearts and souls are bound to each other, there will be no reason for them to worry about
a temporary paration.）
布莱德
6.Songs of Innocence-The Chimney Sweeper
(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of young
chimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it express sympathy for the young chimney sweepers. Content:The first stanza tells the narrator's life story: abandoned by parents, working in the
dark chimney and sleeping in dark, dirty soot. Probably it's the reflection of all the little chimney sweepers' life story. In the thir d line, the cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!" is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! Sweep!", which was the c himney sweeper's street cry.
The poem goes on to talk about Tom Dacre, one of the narrator's fellows in the cond and third stanzas. The cond stanza intr oduces Tom Dacre, who acts as a foil to the speaker. Tom is upt about his lot in life, then the narrator comforts little Tom, sha ving his curl white hair and getting bare, so that he needn't worry that his hair would get spoiled until Tom falls asleep. Here To m's family name "Dacre" is a homophone for the word "dark". In next three stanzas, the poem describes Tom's dream. He drea ms of an angel opening the coffins and freeing the sweepers. It shows the freeing of Tom and other sweeps from the oppressive lifestyle.When the angel tells Tom that ―if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father and never want joy‖, he gives Tom hope that if he is good and does his job, God will be his father and bless him in the next life. Figures of Speech:symbolism,irony)
7.Songs of Experience-The Chimney Sweeper(B1，P289)
(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of young
chimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it express sympathy for the young chimney sweepers.
Content: In the first two lines, Blake gives us an image of an anguished child in a state of agony. In t
he cond stanza, the child is pictured in a very more happier and playful mood. This soon changes when he decides to tell the stranger more about his parents. They are showed to be punishing their child for being so happy by "clothing in clothes of death and teaching him to sing notes of woe." It is very obvious the sweeper’s feels hate towards his parents for putting him in such sadness, but inst ead he choos to hide it by making himlf look happy and satisfied.
It is clear in the last Stanza that Blake’s criticizing the Church, especially, and the state for letting a lot of the things happen. During this time many children were dying from being, either, worked to death or from malnutrition. Neither the state or the church did any thing to stop this and is obviously why Blake feels so much anger towards them. The sweeper’s parents are really no help towards their own child. This makes the reader wonder, if they are worshiping god, the source of good doings, why do they cho to ignore their own child. They would rather turn their heads the other way and instead find love at church. Figures of speech:
partial tone:T he cry "'weep! 'weep! " is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! ‖,which
was the chimney sweeper's direct cry. The u of the partial tone creates an ironic effect. It makes readers feel that the chimney children are weeping for their living and working conditions.
symbolism,
Contrast:In the first two lines, t he color black ems to be very important becau it is ud to reprent sin against innocence, the color of the white snow.)
8.Holy Thursday --From Songs of Innocence
'(Theme: portrays unfortunate children as blessings to society and shows their gratitude towards God for all that he has done. Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, symbolism
Blake tries to express an optimistic and hopeful image of innocent children singing to Christ on
the day of ascension. The poem’s rhythm is playful and childish and effectively carries out Blake’s image.
森林防火标语In the first four lines, colorful children are marching into St Paul’s cathedral for the celebration of the ascension of Christ. From the footnote, one learns that the children are from the charity s chools in London, meaning that they are very poor and probably don’t have a family. Despite their hardships, the children are still described in a joyful, harmonic way
With an ABAB rhyming pattern, the poem starts with a bouncing, nurry rhyme quality. The children’s problems are not an iss ue; they are still cute, innocent, and alive, like a river. The beadles that must keep the kids in order are portrayed as old and lifel ess men who have lost their childhood innocence. Even though the children are poor and homeless, they are showing hopeful ness and optimism when they go to sing the Lord’s prais
In the next stanza, the children are again portrayed as sweet and innocent, and there is no mention of the hardships they must fa ce every other day in their life. There are a few different images that Blake gives the reader to express his idea that children are pure and free–flowing characters:
Here, the children are a beautiful and vital part of the London society. They are ―flowers‖ that give pleasure to all men and wom en. Blake fails to mention that the children are a blight and burden to mankind. They are victims of a cruel and harsh world, a nd as a result, they reflect images of miry and poverty. However, in this stanza, the children are innocent lambs who have a ―r adiance all their own.‖ They are beautiful flowers and are pleasing to the entire world.
In the final stanza, the children are singing to the heavens with songs of joy. They are singing the prais of the Lord to heaven on this glorious day.一周健康食谱
Here, the children are powerful and mighty and are capable of communicating with the heavens above. They believe that God tr uly loves them in spite of the fact that they are really the wretched of the earth. Even though they are penniless and homeless, th
e children rai their hands and sing their prai and thanks to Jesus.)
圆日9.Holy Thursday---From Songs of Experience
(Theme: the condemn for the church or the god; sympathy for the poor children
Figures of speech: contrast, irony, metaphor
This poem is negative and pessimistic and it questions the nature or existence of a God. The children are rejected and abud by society and they are exactly the opposite of the children in the first poem.
行李箱简笔画
This procession into the cathedral has religious intentions, but the speaker wonders how holy it is to have so many pitiful and m irable children in a world that is so rich and prosperous. It doesn’t em possible to him that the children are singing to the Lord out of pure happiness and thanksgiving
The speaker finds it hard to believe that the children are actually singing out prais of the Lord. He es them so unhappy an d so poor, and yet they are thanking Jesus for all that he has done for them. The ries of questions by the speaker in this stanza implies a tone of disbelief and amazement that heightens throughout the poem.
In the last two stanzas, the speaker offers an explanation as to why the children are so poor and pitiful.
The speaker believes that the life of the children is always dark, bleak, and bare. It will always be difficult, cold, and barren. He believes that the children are poor becau they never have any sunshine or any rain. In other words, the kids don’t have the wonderful and plentiful eye of the Lord upon them. Blake believes that man could not decline into such a pitiful state if God is constantly watching over him. Throughout the ceremony, the children are praising God and all of His works. This prai now ems very ironic since the children are not under the watchful eye of the Lord)
10.The Lamb" --From Songs of Innocence
甲状腺肿大严重吗(Theme: the origin of human, blessing for the human and God
Content: The poem begins with the question, ―Little Lamb, who made thee?‖ The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its ―clothing‖ of wool, its ―tender voice.‖ In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who ―calls himlf a Lamb,‖ one who rembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb. The poem ends with the child be stowing a blessing on the lamb.
Figures of speech:
repetition:Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes the lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality.
rhetoric questions
Symbolism:The lamb symbolizes Jesus and the image of the child is also associated with Jesus.
Comment:The poem is a child’s song, in the form of a question and answer. The first stanza is rural and descriptive, while the cond focus on abstract spiritual matters and contains explanatio n and analogy. The child’s question is both naive and profound. The question (―who made thee?‖) is
a simple one, and yet the child is also tapping into the deep and timeless questions that all human beings have, about their own origins and the nature of cr eation. The poem’s apostrophic form contributes to the effect of naivety, since the situation of a child talking to an animal is a believable one, and not simply a literary contrivance. Yet by answering his own question, the child converts it into a rhetorical one, thus counteracting the initial spontaneous n of the poem. The answer is prented as a puzzle or riddle, and even though it is an easy one—child’s play—this also contributes to an underlying n of ironic knowingness or artifice in the poem. The child’s answer, however, reveals his confidence in his simple Christian faith and his innocent acceptance of its teachings.)
11.The Tiger(B1,P288)
(Theme:humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.But considering the social background of this poem, It could destroy the old system and establish a new one.
Content:
This poem begins with the author prents a ries of questions that embodies the central problem:
Who created the tiger? Or w as it Satan? Blake prents his question in Lines 3 and 4: What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame thy fearful symmetry? Howe
ver, to express his bewilderment that the God who created the gentle lamb also created the terrifying tiger, he includes Satan as a possible creator while raising his rhetorical questions, the one he asks in Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps or
skies/Burnt th e fire of thy eyes?
Figures of speech:
Symbolism:The tiger is symbolic of the revolutionary forces:the French people in the French Revolution to which Blake was a s upporter and it can also symbolizes evil, or the incarnation of evil.And that the lamb reprents goodness, or Christ. Metaphor&alliteration:In Lines 3 and 4the author us alliteration and metaphor to make comparison the tiger and his eyes to fi re.
Symbol&Allusion:In Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps or skies/Burnt the fire of thy eyes? In the ntences, “Deeps” ap pears to refer to hell and “skies” refer to heaven which is the expression of symbol and Allusion.
Comments:It is said that human souls have two sides: a good side, and an evil side."The Lamb" and "The Tyger," by William B lake, are both poems of deep meaning. They em to explain both sides of human nature: the light and the dark, the yin and the yang, the good and the evil. They can also reprent the transition from a child to an adult or even Heaven and Hell. "The Lamb " is a poem that is referring to the good side of the human soul, while "The Tyger" is referring to the dark side. The lamb brings to mind innocence,purity,children,or Jesus; the tiger brings to mind viciousness, cunning, danger, or death. )
彭斯
12.John Anderson my jo, John(B1, P294)
（theme: love. Content:It’s a simple but warm poem about the commonplace feeling of a ordinary couple. The old wife recalls their encounter at their young ages and compare her husband’s young appearance with that of now. They has gone through so many years, and she bless her husband and wishes joint happiness until their death.
Figures of Speech:
Metaphor/contrast: In line3 and line6, John’s locks are said to be as black as the raven when young but as white as snow now. The metaphor is so properly ud, while the contrast between John’s young and aged years is also very vivid in delivering the massage of their peaceful and lasting marriage.
Rhyme:
Comments: This poem is very simple, but it remind me of a Chine saying, ― I’ll take your hand and grow old with you.‖The love I dreamed of is just like this, more stability and less impulsion.）
华兹华斯
13.The Solitary Reaper(B2，P22)
（theme：T he poet is fascinated with a Scottish peasant girl’s beautiful song.Content: Stanza 1: The poet heard a Scottish girl singing while reaping in the wheat field.Stanza 2: The poet is surprid to hear such a beautiful song in so remote a
