摘要
香榧（Torreya grandis‘Merrilli’）作为我国南方地区重要的经济树种，在当前日益加剧的氮沉降影响下，其产量和品质明显下降，成为当前香榧产业发展面临的一大难题。生物炭在土壤修复、提高作物产量等方面具有独特作用，但目前施加生物炭对林地土壤改良以及林木生长和果实品质影响的研究较少。本试验以成年香榧植株（15年树龄）为研究对象，采用随机完全区组设计，设置2水平的模拟氮沉降（低氮（NL）：30 kg N ha-1 yr-1；高氮（NH）：60 kg N ha-1 yr-1）和2水平的生物炭施加量（BC1（20 t ha-1），BC2（40 t ha-1））。通过测定不同处理下香榧叶片光合、酶活性、矿质元素以及果实及种子形态指标、种子品质指标，探究香榧生长和种子品质对模拟氮沉降和施加生物炭的响应规律和生理调控机制，在大气氮沉降日益增强的背景下，为提高香榧的产量和品质、促进经济林产业的健康发展提供科学依据。主要结果如下：（1）研究了模拟氮沉降与施加生物炭下香榧生长特性的变化，揭示香榧对模拟氮沉降与施加生物炭响应的生理调控机制。模拟氮沉降下，叶片Pn、RuBPC活性、NPQ在NL下显著提高，NH下呈下降趋势，香榧叶片氮、磷含量无显著差异，但叶片N:P明显提高且超过20；而施加生物炭下，Pn、Y(II)、NPQ、RuBPC活性、氮、磷含量显著升高，但叶片N:P没有改变；在模拟氮沉降环境下，施加20 t ha-1的生物炭香榧叶片Pn、Y(II)、RuBPC活性、NPQ显著提高，叶片氮含量无显著变化，且叶片N:P明显低于20，Pn、Y(II)、RuBPC活性、NPQ在BC-1下较BC-2显著提高，此外，叶片氮含量与硝酸还原酶（NR）活性呈显著正相关。这说明30 kg N ha-1 yr-1氮沉降能显著提高香榧叶片光合能力，
增加叶片化学计量比及酶活性，但当氮沉降浓度超过60 kg N ha-1 yr-1时将会抑制叶片光合能力，引起磷限制，对植物生长带来消极影响；生物炭对增强叶片光合能力具有显著作用，并通过降低N:P缓解磷限制，在一定程度上缓解高度氮沉降带来的负面效应。
（2）研究了模拟氮沉降与施加生物炭下香榧种子品质的变化，揭示香榧种子品
I
质对模拟氮沉降与施加生物炭响应规律。在模拟氮沉降条件下，果实及种子形态指标（果实及种仁的长、宽、鲜重）显著提高，施加生物炭下，果实及种子形态指标随其施量的增加而显著增加。氮沉降、生物炭均显著提高了种子品质，包括：营养成分含量（含油率、脂肪酸、可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白）及抗氧化成分含量（单宁、总酚），且低氮处理优于高氮处理。氮沉降下施加生物炭显著提高了种子抗氧化成分含量，且BC-1优于BC-2。因此，氮沉降能显著提高香榧种子品质，生物炭能显著提高香榧种子品质，并能在一定程度上缓解高度氮沉降的负面影响。
关键词：氮沉降；生物炭；香榧；生长特性；种子品质
ABSTRACT
Torreya grandis‘Merrilli’ is an important economic tree species in South China, the yield and quality h
ave decread obviously under the current increasing nitrogen deposition, which is a troublesome issue for T. grandis industry development. Biochar plays a unique role in soil remediation and crop yield improvement, however, there are few studies on the effects of biochar application on forest soil improvement, tree growth and fruit quality. This experiment us random complete zone design on the adult plant T. grandis (15 year-old), including two levels of simulated nitrogen deposition (low nitrogen deposition (NL): 30 kg N ha-1 yr-1; high nitrogen deposition (NH): 60 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and two levels of amount of biochar input (BC1: 20 t ha-1; BC2: 40 t ha-1). Leaf photosynthetic indexes, enzyme activities, mineral element contents and the fruit and ed morphological indexes, ed quality indexes andis under different treatments were measured. Respons and physiological regulation mechanisms of growth and ed quality of T. grandis to simulated nitrogen deposition and biochar input were explored, which provide scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of T. grandis and promoting the healthy development of economic forest industry under the background of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The main results are the following:
(1) The changes in growth traits of T. grandis under simulated nitrogen deposition and biochar input were studied, and the physiological regulation mechanism of T. grandis on respon to nitrogen deposition and biochar input was revealed. Under simulated nitrogen deposition, Pn, Y(II), NPQ and
the activity of RuBPC incread under NL and became lower under NH, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents had no significant difference, but leaf N:P incread, which was over 20. When biochar was applied, Pn, Y(II), NPQ, the activity of RuBPC, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents raid significantly, but there is no change of leaf N:P. Under the nitrogen deposition, biochar significantly incread Pn, Y(II), NPQ and the activity of RuBPC of T. grandis,leaf nitrogen contents had no significant change, and the N:P was significantly lower than 20, Pn, Y(II), NPQ and the activity of RuBPC were higher under BC-1 than BC-2. Besides, it was also found that there was a significant positive correlation between the nitrogen contents
and nitrate reducta activity (NR). This shows that 30 kg N ha-1 yr-1 nitrogen deposition can improve the photosynthetic capacity of T. grandis, increa the stoichiometric ratio and enzyme activities of leaves, however, when the level of nitrogen deposition was beyond 60 kg N ha-1 yr-1, it may inhibited leaves photosynthetic capacity, relieve phosphorus limitation by decreasing N:P, and alleviate the negative effect of high nitrogen deposition to a certain extent.
(2) The effects of simulated nitrogen deposition and the application of biochar on the ed quality of T. grandis were studied, and the respon laws of the ed quality of T. grandis to nitrogen deposition and biochar input were revealed. Under the nitrogen deposition, fruit and ed morpholog
ical indexes (the fruit and kernel length, width, fresh weight) incread significantly. For the application of biochar, fruit and ed morphological indexes incread significantly with the increa of its application. Simulated nitrogen deposition and biochar input significantly improved ed quality, including nutrient contents (oil content, fatty acid, soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein), and contents of antioxidant components (tannin and total phenol), and the low nitrogen deposition was greater than high nitrogen deposition. Under the nitrogen deposition, biochar input improved contents of ed antioxidant components, and BC-1 is superior to BC-2. In conclusion, nitrogen deposition can significantly improve ed quality of T. grandis, biochar has a significant effect on promoting ed quality, and alleviate the negative effects of excessive nitrogen deposition to a certain extent.
会飞的小陀螺折法Keywords:nitrogen deposition; biochar application; Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’; growth traits; ed quality
IV
目录
目录
摘要 ................................................................... I ABSTRACT .............................................................. III 前言 . (1)
第一章文献综述 (2)
1.1 植物对氮沉降响应的研究进展 (2)
1.1.1 氮沉降对植物生长和生产力的影响 (2)
官僚主义1.1.2 氮沉降对植物光合作用的影响 (2)
1.1.3 氮沉降对植物营养元素的影响 (3)
1.1.4 氮沉降对植物抗逆性的影响 (4)
1.2 植物对施加生物炭响应的研究进展 (4)
1.2.1 生物炭的理化特性 (5)
1.2.2 生物炭对植物生理特性及产量性状的影响 (5)教育类书籍推荐100本
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1.3 植物对氮沉降和生物炭互作响应的研究进展 (8)
1.4 研究目的及意义 (9)
第二章材料与方法 (10)
2.1 研究方法 (10)
2.1.1 试验材料 (10)
2.1.2 试验设计 (10)
2.2 测定指标及方法 (11)
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2.3 数据分析 (15)
第三章氮沉降与生物炭对香榧生长特性的影响 (16)为什么抽烟会上瘾
3.1 氮沉降与生物炭对香榧叶片光合生理的影响 (16)
3.1.1 光合速率 (16)
3.1.2 叶绿素含量 (17)
3.1.3 RuBPC酶活性 (17)
3.1.4 叶绿素荧光特性 (19)
3.2 氮沉降与生物炭对香榧叶片主要营养元素及酶活性的影响 (20)用纸盒做手工
3.2.1 叶片氮含量 (20)
格罗安达犬3.2.2 叶片磷含量 (20)
3.2.3 叶片氮磷比 (20)
3.2.4 叶片硝酸还原酶活性 (24)
第四章氮沉降与生物炭对香榧种子品质的影响 (25)
4.1 氮沉降与生物炭对香榧果实及种子形态指标的影响 (25)
4.2 氮沉降与生物炭对香榧种子品质指标的影响 (26)
4.2.1 营养成分 (26)
4.2.2 抗氧化指标 (29)
V
