Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor §1910.119
(4) Container valves and accessories. (i) Each container shall have a fixed liq-uid-level gage.
(ii) The filling connection shall be fitted with a combination back-pres-sure check valve and an excess-flow valve; one double or two single back- pressure check valves: or a positive shutoff valve in conjunction with an internal back-pressure check valve or an internal excess-flow valve.
(iii) The applicator tank may be filled by venting to open air provided the bleeder valve orifice does not ex-ceed ven-sixteenths inch in diameter. (iv) Regulation equipment may be connected directly to the tank cou-pling or flange, in which ca a flexible connection shall be ud between such regulating equipment and the remain-der of the liquid withdrawal system. Regulating equipment not so installed shall be flexibly connected to the con-tainer shutoff valve.
(v) No excess flow valve is required in the liquid withdrawal line provided the controlling orifice between the con-tents of the container and the outlet of the shutoff valve does not exceed ven-sixteenths inch in diameter.
[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49748, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5322, Feb. 10, 1984;
53 FR 12122, Apr. 12, 1988; 61 FR 9238, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 1269, Jan. 8, 1998; 63 FR 33466, June 18, 1998]
§§1910.112–1910.113[Rerved]
§1910.119Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals. Purpo. This ction contains re-quirements for preventing or mini-mizing the conquences of cata-strophic releas of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals. The releas may result in toxic, fire or explosion hazards.
(a) Application. (1) This ction ap-plies to the following:
(i) A process which involves a chem-ical at or above the specified threshold quantities listed in appendix A to this ction;
(ii) A process which involves a flam-mable liquid or gas (as defined in 1910.1200(c) of this part) on site in one location, in a quantity of 10,000 pounds (4535.9 kg) or more except for:
(A) Hydrocarbon fuels ud solely for workplace consumption as a fuel (e.g., propane ud for comfort heating, gaso-line for vehicle refueling), if such fuels are not a part of a process containing a
nother highly hazardous chemical covered by this standard;
运动的感受(B) Flammable liquids stored in at-mospheric tanks or transferred which are kept below their normal boiling point without benefit of chilling or re-frigeration.
(2) This ction does not apply to:
(i) Retail facilities;
(ii) Oil or gas well drilling or rv-icing operations; or,
(iii) Normally unoccupied remote fa-cilities.
(b) Definitions. Atmospheric tank means a storage tank which has been designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 p. (pounds per square inch gauge, 3.45 Kpa).
Boiling point means the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (p.s.i.a.) (760 mm.). For the purpos of this ction, where an accurate boiling point is un-available for the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in ac-cordance with the Standard Method of Test for Distill
ation of Petroleum Products, ASTM D–86–62, which is in-corporated by reference as specified in §1910.6, may be ud as the boiling point of the liquid.
Catastrophic relea means a major uncontrolled emission, fire, or explo-sion, involving one or more highly haz-ardous chemicals, that prents rious danger to employees in the workplace. Facility means the buildings, con-tainers or equipment which contain a process.
Highly hazardous chemical means a substance posssing toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties and specified by paragraph (a)(1) of this ction.
Hot work means work involving elec-tric or gas welding, cutting, brazing, or similar flame or spark-producing oper-ations.
Normally unoccupied remote facility means a facility which is operated, maintained or rviced by employees who visit the facility only periodically
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to check its operation and to perform necessary operating or maintenance tasks. No employees are permanently stationed at the facility.
Facilities meeting this definition are not contiguous with, and must be geo-graphically remote from all other buildings, process or persons.
Process means any activity involving a highly hazardous chemical including any u, storage, manufacturing, han-dling, or the on-site movement of such chemicals, or combination of the ac-tivities. For purpos of this definition, any group of vesls which are inter-connected and parate vesls which are located such that a highly haz-ardous chemical could be involved in a potential relea shall be considered a single process.
Replacement in kind means a replace-ment which satisfies the design speci-fication.
Trade cret means any confidential formula, pattern, process, device, infor-mation or compilation of information that is ud in an employer’s business, and that gives the employer an oppor-tunity to obtain an advantage over competitors who do not know or u it. Appendix D contained in §1910.1200 ts out the criteria to be ud in evalu-ating trade crets.
(c) Employee participation. (1) Employ-ers shall develop a written plan of ac-tion regarding the implementation of the employee participation required by this paragraph.
(2) Employers shall consult with em-ployees and their reprentatives on the conduct and development of proc-ess hazards analys and on the devel-opment of the other elements of proc-ess safety management in this stand-ard.
(3) Employers shall provide to em-ployees and their reprentatives ac-cess to process hazard analys and to all other information required to be de-veloped under this standard.
(d) Process safety information. In ac-cordance with the schedule t forth in paragraph (e)(1) of this ction, the em-ployer shall complete a compilation of written process safety information be-fore conducting any process hazard analysis required by the standard. The compilation of written process safety information is to enable the employer and the employees involved in oper-ating the process to identify and under-stand the hazards pod by tho proc-ess involving highly hazardous chemicals. This process safety informa-tion shall include information per-taining to the hazards of the highly hazardous chemicals ud or produced by the process, information pertaining
企划案to the technology of the process, and information pertaining to the equip-ment in the process.
(1) Information pertaining to the haz-ards of the highly hazardous chemicals in the process. This information shall con-sist of at least the following:
(i) Toxicity information;
(ii) Permissible exposure limits;
(iii) Physical data;
(iv) Reactivity data:
(v) Corrosivity data;
(vi) Thermal and chemical stability data; and
(vii) Hazardous effects of inadvertent mixing of different materials that could foreeably occur.
N OTE: Material Safety Data Sheets meet-
ing the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) may be ud to comply with this require-ment to the extent they contain the infor-mation required by this subparagraph.
(2) Information pertaining to the tech-nology of the process. (i) Information concerning the technology of the proc-ess shall include at least the following: (A) A block flow diagram or sim-plified
process flow diagram (e appen-
dix B to this ction);
(B) Process chemistry;
(C) Maximum intended inventory;
(D) Safe upper and lower limits for such items as temperatures, pressures, flows or compositions; and,
(E) An evaluation of the con-quences of deviations, including tho affecting the safety and health of employees.
(ii) Where the original technical in-formation no longer exists, such infor-mation may be developed in conjunc-tion with the process hazard analysis in sufficient detail to support the anal-ysis.
(3) Information pertaining to the equip-ment in the process. (i) Information per-taining to the equipment in the process shall include:
(A) Materials of construction;
(B) Piping and instrument diagrams (P&ID’s);
Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor §1910.119
(C) Electrical classification;
(D) Relief system design and design basis;
(E) Ventilation system design;
(F) Design codes and standards em-ployed;
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(G) Material and energy balances for process built after May 26, 1992; and, (H) Safety systems (e.g. interlocks, detection or suppression systems).
(ii) The employer shall document that equipment complies with recog-nized and generally accepted good engi-neering practices.
(iii) For existing equipment designed and constructed in accordance with codes, standards, or practices that are no longer in general u, the employer shall determine and document that the equipment is designed, maintained, in-spected, tested, and operating in a safe manner.
(e) Process hazard analysis. (1) The employer shall perform an initial proc-ess hazard analysis (hazard evaluation) on process covered by this standard. The process hazard analysis shall be appropriate to the complexity of the process and shall identify, evaluate, and control the hazards involved in the process. Employers shall determine and document the priority order for con-ducting process hazard analys bad on a rationale which includes such con-siderations as extent of the process hazards, number of potentially affected employees, age of the process, and op-erating history of the process. The process hazard analysis shall be con-ducted as soon as possible, but not later than the following schedule:
(i) No less than 25 percent of the ini-tial process hazards analys shall be completed by May 26, 1994;
(ii) No less than 50 percent of the ini-tial process hazards analys shall be completed by May 26, 1995;
(iii) No less than 75 percent of the initial process hazards analys shall be completed by May 26, 1996;
(iv) All initial process hazards anal-ys shall be completed by May 26, 1997. (v) Process hazards a
nalys com-pleted after May 26, 1987 which meet the requirements of this paragraph are acceptable as initial process hazards analys. The process hazard anal-ys shall be updated and revalidated, bad on their completion date, in ac-cordance with paragraph (e)(6) of this ction.
(2) The employer shall u one or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed.
(i) What-If;
(ii) Checklist;
(iii) What-If/Checklist;
(iv) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP):
(v) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA);
(vi) Fault Tree Analysis; or
(vii) An appropriate equivalent meth-odology.
(3) The process hazard analysis shall address:
(i) The hazards of the process;
(ii) The identification of any previous incident which had a likely potential for catastrophic conquences in the workplace;
(iii) Engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards and their interrelationships such as appro-priate application of detection meth-odologies to provide early warning of releas. (Acceptable detection meth-ods might include process monitoring and control instrumentation with alarms, and detection hardware such as hydrocarbon nsors.);
(iv) Conquences of failure of engi-neering and administrative controls; (v) Facility siting;
(vi) Human factors; and
(vii) A qualitative evaluation of a range of the possible safety and health effects of failure of controls on employ-ees in the workplace.
(4) The process hazard analysis shall be performed by a team with experti in engineering and pro
cess operations, and the team shall include at least one employee who has experience and knowledge specific to the process being evaluated. Also, one member of the team must be knowledgeable in the specific process hazard analysis meth-odology being ud.
(5) The employer shall establish a system to promptly address the team’s findings and recommendations; assure that the recommendations are resolved in a timely manner and that the reso-lution is documented; document what
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition) §1910.119
actions are to be taken; complete ac-tions as soon as possible; develop a written schedule of when the actions are to be completed; communicate the actions to operating, maintenance and other employees who work assign-ments are in the process and who may be affected by the recommendations or actions.
(6) At least every five (5) years after the completion of the initial process hazard analysis, the process hazard analysis shall be updated and revali-dated by a team meeting the require-ments in paragraph (e)(4) of this c-tion, to assure that the process hazard analysis is consistent with the current process.
(7) Employers shall retain process hazards analys and updates or re-validations for each process covered by this ction, as well as the documented resolution of recommendations de-scribed in paragraph (e)(5) of this c-tion for the life of the process.
(f) Operating procedures (1) The em-ployer shall develop and implement written operating procedures that pro-vide clear instructions for safely con-ducting activities involved in each cov-ered process consistent with the proc-ess safety information and shall ad-dress at least the following elements. (i) Steps for each operating pha:
(A) Initial startup;
(B) Normal operations;
(C) Temporary operations;
(D) Emergency shutdown including the conditions under which emergency shutdown is required, and the assign-ment of shutdown responsibility to qualified operators to ensure that emergency shutdown is executed in a safe and timely manner.
(E) Emergency Operations;
(F) Normal shutdown; and,
(G) Startup following a turnaround, or after an emergency shutdown.
(ii) Operating limits:
(A) Conquences of deviation; and
(B) Steps required to correct or avoid deviation.
(iii) Safety and health considerations: (A) Properties of, and hazards pre-nted by, the chemicals ud in the process;
(B) Precautions necessary to prevent exposure, including engineering con-trols, administrative controls, and per-sonal protective equipment;
(C) Control measures to be taken if physical contact or airborne exposure occurs;
(D) Quality control for raw materials and control of hazardous chemical in-ventory levels; and,
(E) Any special or unique hazards.钻石英语怎么读
(iv) Safety systems and their functions. (2) Operating procedures shall be readily accessible to employees who work in or maintain a process.
立异衬衫的英语(3) The operating procedures shall be reviewed as often as necessary to as-sure that they reflect current oper-ating practice, including changes that result from changes in process chemi-cals, technology, and equipment, and changes to facilities. The employer shall certify annually that the oper-ating procedures are current and accu-rate.
(4) The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices to pro-vide for the control of hazards during operations such as lockout/tagout; con-fined space entry; opening process equipment or piping; and control over entrance into a facility by mainte-nance, contractor, laboratory, or other support personnel. The safe work practices shall apply to employees and contractor employees.
(g) Training—(1) Initial training. (i) Each employee prently involved in operating a process, and each employee before being involved in operating a newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of the process and in the operating procedures as specified in paragraph (f) of this c-tion. The training shall include empha-sis on the specific safety and health hazards, emergency oper
ations includ-ing shutdown, and safe work practices applicable to the employee’s job tasks. (ii) In lieu of initial training for tho employees already involved in operating a process on May 26, 1992, an employer may certify in writing that the employee has the required knowl-edge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and responsibil-ities as specified in the operating pro-cedures.
(2) Refresher training. Refresher train-ing shall be provided at least every
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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor §1910.119
three years, and more often if nec-essary, to each employee involved in operating a process to assure that the employee understands and adheres to the current operating procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the employees involved in oper-ating the process, shall determine the appropriate frequency of refresher training.
(3) Training documentation. The em-ployer shall ascertain that each em-ployee involved in operating a process has received and understood the train-ing required by this paragraph. The employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the employee, the date of training, and the means ud to verify that the employee under-stood the training.
(h) Contractors—(1) Application. This paragraph applies to contractors per-forming maintenance or repair, turn-around, major renovation, or specialty work on or adjacent to a covered proc-ess. It does not apply to contractors providing incidental rvices which do not influence process safety, such as janitorial work, food and drink rv-ices, laundry, delivery or other supply rvices.
(2) Employer responsibilities. (i) The employer, when lecting a contractor, shall obtain and evaluate information regarding the contract employer’s safe-
ty performance and programs.
(ii) The employer shall inform con-tract employers of the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic relea hazards related to the contractor’s work and the process.
(iii) The employer shall explain to contract employers the applicable pro-visions of the emergency action plan required by paragraph (n) of this c-tion.
(iv) The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices con-sistent with paragraph (f)(4) of this c-tion, to control the entrance, prence and exit of contract employers and contract employees in covered process areas.
(v) The employer shall periodically evaluate the performance of contract employers in fulfilling their obliga-tions as specified in paragraph (h)(3) of this ction.
(vi) The employer shall maintain a contract employee injury and illness log related to the contractor’s work in process areas.
(3) Contract employer responsibilities.
(i) The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is trained in the work practices necessary to safe-
ly perform his/her job.
银行实习内容(ii) The contract employer shall as-sure that each contract employee is in-structed in the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic relea hazards re-lated to his/her job and the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.
(iii) The contract employer shall doc-ument that each contract employee has received and understood the train-ing required by this paragraph. The contract employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract employee, the date of training, and the means ud to veri
fy that the employee understood the training.
(iv) The contract employer shall as-sure that each contract employee fol-lows the safety rules of the facility in-cluding the safe work practices re-quired by paragraph (f)(4) of this c-tion.
(v) The contract employer shall ad-vi the employer of any unique haz-ards prented by the contract employ-er’s work, or of any hazards found by the contract employer’s work.
(i) Pre-startup safety review. (1) The employer shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new facilities and for modified facilities when the modifica-tion is significant enough to require a change in the process safety informa-tion.
(2) The pre-startup safety review shall confirm that prior to the intro-duction of highly hazardous chemicals to a process:
(i) Construction and equipment is in accordance with design specifications; (ii) Safety, operating, maintenance, and emergency procedures are in place and are adequate;
(iii) For new facilities, a process haz-ard analysis has been performed and recommendations have been resolved or implemented before startup; and
