动词-ing 形式 (1）
英语课程标准将“动名词"和“现在分词”合称为“动词—ing"形式。作为非谓语动词的一种形式,动词—ing具有名词，形容词和副词的特点,它可以在句中作除了谓语以外的所有句子成分.
一．动词—ing 形式的构成
| 主动 | 被动 |
一般 | doing | being done |
钓蟹王维资料完成 | Having done | Having been done |
| | |
否定式:not +doing/ having done…
Not being done / not having been done
二．动词-ing 形式作定语
1）单个动词—ing形式作定语放在被修饰的名词前，叫做前置定语。
2)动词-ing短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词后，叫做后置定语。
3) having (been) done 该结构不能用作后置定语.
作用:
1）表示用途
A smoking room 吸烟室 a walking stick 拐杖 drinking water饮用水
A sleeping pill 安眠药 drawing board 画板 parking lot 停车场
蒜苗的种植方法Swimming pool 游泳池 teaching building 教学楼 changing room 更衣室
Driving permit 驾驶许可证 a waiting room 候车室
2）表示动作
boiling water 正在沸腾的水 developing countries 发展中国家
the tting sun 落日 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳
in the following days 在接下来的几天 the coming week 下一周
3） 表所修饰名词正在进行的动作,可替换成定语从句。
油菜的做法［备注] 此时该动词和被修饰的名词之间是主动关系
A walking man = a man who is walking
A sleeping child= a child who is sleeping。
The man standing at the gate is my grandpa.
= The man _______________________ at the gate is my grandpa。
[拓展]
The computer ___________（repair) now is my brothers。
三．动词-ing 形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语的具体内容。这种表语与主语“等价”
His job is teaching Physics in middle school.
有些动词-ing形式作表语，可以说明主语的性质特征，常翻译为“令人…。的"干锅兔
disappointing 令人失望的 frightening 令人害怕的
Interesting 有趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的
Embrassassing 令人尴尬的 surprising 令人惊讶的
Encouraging 令人鼓舞的 puzzling 令人费解的
练 习
1.The news that we failed in the competition was ______________(disappoint）.
2.From my point of view, this idea was so ________________（excite)。
3.My brother’s job is ________________(deliver) newspapers every day.
四．动词-ing 形式宾语补足语
该用法通常用于 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 结构中。其中，宾语是v-ing的逻辑主语
1）感官动词 e ，hear, notice注意到, smell 闻到, feel ， find 发现， obrve 观察,look at ，listen to…
notice sb。/sth。 doing … 注意到…正在做…
We saw a boy stealing a woman’s pur in the street。
2）使役动词 “ leave， have， keep , get”
leave sb/ sth。 doing “让某人或某物一直处于某种状态 ”
练习
1.He saw the children ____________(play) in the playground.
2.退款流程I'm sorry to have kept you ____________(wait) for me for so long.
3.The child was heard _____________(cry） in the next room all night.
4．The next morning, she found the man _____________(lie） in bed， dead.
5．Do you hear someone ___________(knock） at the door?
五．动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间，原因,结果，条件,行为方式，伴随或补充说明.
备注:
1）v-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。(破 题）
2为了使作状语的v—ing 形式所表达更明确，可在前面加上适当的连词（as, becau， since, once， though， while， unless …）
[解题策略］
君臣佐使的具体含义1．观察逗号“，”前后是否有连词,若没有,则应选择非谓语
2．找到句子主语，分析空白处单词和 主语之间是否为主动关系
3．分析填空处单词和主句动词是否几乎同时发生（doing）;若在主句动词之前发生，则选用完成式 (having done）
●原因状语
Becau she was ill， she didn’t attend the meeting。
= Being ill， she didn’t attend the meeting。
●________状语
When they hear the news, they all jumped with great joy。
= Hearing the news, they all jumped with great joy.
●条件状语
If you work hard， you’ll succeed. （条件状语)
= ___________________， you'll succeed.
●________状语
My car was caught in the heavy traffic jam, causing the delay。
●________状语
The students are all in the classroom, doing their homework carefully。
Practice！！！！
1.When___________（e) the cat, the mou ran off。
2.__________________（live) in London for years, I almost know every place quite well。
3.____________（work) hard, you’ll succeed.
4.Once ________________（lo） the chance， you can’t easily find it。
5.________________（look) out from the window, we found a beautiful garden。
6.They sat in front of the teaching building, ________（laugh) and talking.
7.He turned off the lights, ________（e) nothing.
8.____________(walk) in the street， he caught sight of one of his clo friends.
9. ________________（tell） many times， I still long to watch the movie one more time.
六．v-ing 形式的否定式 (直接在v-ing形式前面加not等否定词汇)
1．__________________(know的否定式） her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
PBDE2．_____________（realize的否定） that he was in great danger， Eric walker deeper into the forest.
七．一般式和完成式的区别
当动词—ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作（几乎）同时发生时用一般式(doing）；在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式(having done)。如：
_____________（e) the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran away as fast as he could。
______________(study)English for three years， he can read brief stories in English。
