北京大学博士研究生人学考试
英语模拟试题一
Part One Listening Comprehension(20% ) (略)
Part Two Structure and Written Expression (20 % )
Direction: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the ntence if inrted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.
21. On the first day when a pupil enters school, he is asked to to the school rules.
A. concede
B. conform
C. comply
D. confront
22. Once the __ contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.
A. principle
B. principal
C. potential
D. primitive
23. If you want to go to the concert, you'll have to make a , or there will be no tickets.
A. rervation
B. punctuality
C. compliment
D. clarity
24. I arrive at nine o'clock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that is my morning__.
A. habit
平行线怎么画B. custom
C. practice
D. routine
25. David __ his company's success to the unity of all the staff and their pervering hard work.
A. attributed
B. contributed
C. acknowledged
D. pledged
26. You've been talking with David all evening when you ought to be __ with other guests.
A. blending
B. integrating
C. mingling
D. incorporating
27. I asked my mother if I could go out, and she __
A. descended
B. contented
C. connted
D. ascended
28. The room is so with furniture that it is hard to move about.
A. muddled权益维护
B. cluttered
C. distributed
D. scattered
29. Can't you speak more __ to your parents?
A. respectably
B. respectingly
C. respectively
D. respectfully
30. Some __ good luck brought us nothing but trouble.
A. emingly
B. satisfactorily
C. uniformly
爱的供养吉他谱D. universally
31. Sometimes children have trouble __ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.
A. to parate
B. parating
C. for parating
D. of parating
32. Although punctual himlf, the professor was quite ud ate for his lecture.
A. to have students
B. for students' being
C. for students to be
D. to students' being
33. It's no u __ me not to worry.
A. you tell
B. your telling
C. for you to have told
D. having told
34. all our kindness to help her, Sara refud to listen.
A. At
B. In
C. For
D. On
35. The children prefer camping in the mountains __ an indoor activity.
A. to
B. than嫩肤手术
C. for
D. with
36. __ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
A. To be free
B. To free
C. Freeing
D. Freed
37. .quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
A. Until
B. Before
C. From
D. Since
38. __ enough time and money, the rearchers would have been able to discover more in this
field.
A. Giving
B. To give
C. Given
D. Being given
39. Not only __ us light, but also it gives us heat.
A. the sun gives
黑酸枝木家具B. the sun does give
C. gives the sun
D. does the sun give
40. __ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.
A. To give
B. Given
C. Giving
D. Having given Part Three Reading Comprehension
I. Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choo the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET( 1 ). ( 10% )
Text 1
Gene therapy and gene-bad drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic rearch that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.
While it's true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of tho instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your no to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells haven't begun to specialize.
Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most dias involve the death of healthy cells -- brain cells in Alzheimer's, cardiac cells in heart dia, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few if doctors could isolate stem ceils, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue.
It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still can't be co
ntrolled, and may have unforeen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.
The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, re tting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.
For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what lan Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year.
Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to ret body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure dia. That could prove to be a true "miracle cure".
wps怎么用41. The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will .
A. aggravate moral issues of human cloning.
B. bring great benefits to human beings.
C. help scientists decode body instructions.
D. involve employing surgical instruments.
42. The word "rejuvenated" (Para. 5) most probably means __
A. modified.
B. re-collected.
C. classified.
D. reactivated.
43. The rearch at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show __
A. the isolation of stem cells.
B. the effects of gene therapies.
C. the advantages of human cloning.
D. the limitations of tissue replacements.
44. Which of the following is tree according to the text?
A. The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning.
B. The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible.
C. It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated.
D. Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.
Text 2
What our society suffers from most today is the abnce of connsus about what it and life in it oug
南瓜的功效
ht to be; such connsus cannot be gained from society's prent stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the prent is too clo and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A connsus in the prent hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics informed tho who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.
Most societies derive connsus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are bad on all of the. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, becau it prevents us from achieving connsus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modem man, "tortured by lf-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himlf of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpo in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress becau national
morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier n of national vision and purpo.
Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just becau our is a society bad on individual diversity, it needs connsus about some dominating ideas more than societies bad on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have connsus, it must be bad on a myth -- a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpo. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idem Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purpolessness -- in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.
45. In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lie in
A. the non-existence of connsus on the forms of the society should take.
B. the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life.
C. the non-acceptance of a society bad on individual diversity.
D. the pervasive distress caud by national morale decline.
46. The asocial personality of Americans may stem from
A. the abnce of a common religion and ancestry.
B. the multiracial constituents of the US society.
C. the want of a shared myths they posss in life.
D. the counterbalance to narcissistic personality.
47. Homer's epics is mentioned in Paragraph 1 in order to
A. exemplify the contributions made by ancient poets.
B. illustrate the role of shared fantasies about society.
C. show an ideal stage of eternal social progress.
D. make known myths of what a society ought to be.
Text 3
小王子英语读后感
The early retirement of experienced workers is riously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy rearch organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.
Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the US Census Bureau, and the population of tho over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increa by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increa US economic output and strengthen the tax ba; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers ems more likely.
Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually ri with additional years of work, any pay increas after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increas in benefits.
Hudson Institute rearchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work becau Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increa in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial asts than previous generations.
The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report's recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the rviceability of older experienced workers.
48. According to Hudson Institute rearchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is .
A. constructive.
B. significant.
C. inconclusive.
D. detrimental.
49. The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early becau their prolonged rvice may ___
A. do harm to younger generations.
B. end up with few or no benefits.
C. give play to their potentials.
D. shed light on social trends.
50. The cond paragraph is written chiefly to show that .
A. there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future.
B. baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output.
C. government policies concerning older people are out-dated.
D. alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits.
Ⅱ. Read the following passage carefully and then paraphra the numbered and underlined parts. (" Paraphra" means "to explain the meaning in your own English".) ( 15% )
Genius
The greatest results in life are attained by simple means, and the exerci of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and(51 )its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for lf-improvement. (52) The road of human welfare lies along he old highway of stead fast well-doing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful.
Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. (53) Tho who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as he winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of hum
an inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most uful -- such as common n, attention, application, and perverance.
Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the u of the ordinary qualities. (54)The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wi and pervering as successful men of the commoner sort.
(55) Some have even defined genius to be only common n intensifies. A distinguished teacher and resident of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts. John Foster held it to be the power f lighting one's own fire. Buffon said of genius "it is patience".
Part Four Cloze Test (10 % )
Direction: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET.
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of every day perceptions, the bas (56) the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be (57) __ in our past experiences, which are brought into the prent (58) __ memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep (59) available for later u. It includes not only "remembering" thing like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is (60) when a rat gives up eating grain becau he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baball bat.
