第五节 法国大革命和法兰西第一帝国
一、专有名词
自由、平等、博爱 liberty, Equality, Fraternity
第三等级 the Estate-General
碳酸氢钠片说明书路易十六 Louis
国民议会 National Asmbly
气场强大
夏天天制宪议会 Constituent Asmbly
巴士底监狱 the Bastille
法国大革命 French Revolution豆角怎么做
《人权宣言》 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
雅各宾派 the Jacobins
罗伯斯庇尔 Maximilien de Robespierre
热月政变 Thermidorian Reaction
督政府 Directory Government
雾月政变 Coup d’Etat of Brumaire
拿破仑 Napolenon Bonaparte
执政府 the Consulate
法兰西第一帝国 the First French Empire
《拿破仑法典》 the Code Napoleon
滑铁卢战役 Battle of Waterloo
二、图片及解释
The Taking of the Bastille
攻占巴士底狱
Demolition of the Bastille, with a gleeful tiers état figure
员工大会主持稿
漫画：巴士底狱的遗址
For the first time, the will of the people appeared to be an irresistible force. Many obrvers considered that this event had a profound symbolic significance and most of the prints sought to communicate this idea and celebrate a new political consciousness.
大意：在法国，民众的意愿第一次成为一股不可遏制的力量。许多观察家认为，这一事件
有着深刻的寓意，大部分法国的出版物试图传达出这一思想，并在庆祝一种新的政治意识的觉醒。贸易公司名称
Louis XVI（路易十六）
说明：此像较为传神地描绘出路易十六自以为是的个性。
Visit of the king to Paris（群众围观国王返回巴黎）
Tho who shared this opinion were less impresd by the fall of the Bastille than by the king's triumphal visit to Paris a few days later, a ceremonious event which emed to reconcile the monarch with his people, an idea conveyed by many of the the prints.
董鄂妃大意：有人认为，攻占巴士底狱还不如几天后国王凯旋般重返巴黎给人的印象深刻。出版物传达出这样一种意思：隆重的欢迎式意味着国王和他的子民之间的和解。
母乳不足
Allegory of Liberty（自由的象征）
Ever since ancient Greek and Roman times, western culture has illustrated ideas through allegorical figures and symbols. From the 16th century on, books were published indicating precily how to reprent different allegories with figures for everything from A to Z — from Abundance to Zeal. The figure of Liberty, for example, was always reprented holding a pike or staff topped with a cap or bonnet, an allusion to the cap worn by freed slaves in ancient Roman times。
从古希腊罗马时代开始，西方文化中就常用寓意深刻的画或象征来表达思想。从16世纪开始，出版物地解释怎样区别从A到Z(从丰富到热情等)不同形象的寓意。举例来说，自由的形象，通常是一个图带军帽或无边女帽，手着矛或棒的女人，象征着古罗马时代解放了的奴隶戴的帽子。
The Law Symbolized(法律的象征)
Allegory and symbolism had been at the rvice of the King and the Church; now they were put at the rvice of the Revolution.
Sometimes allegorical figures and symbols were all that were required — on government letterheads or on public monuments, for example。
大意：以前寓言和象征是为国王和宗教服务的，现在他们被用来为革命服务。比如说，在政府的信笺上或公共的纪念碑上，不时会要求出现有寓意的图像或象征。
Print of the Liberty Cap（象征自由的帽子）
The attribute or element identifying the figure usually had a visual life of its own.
Hence the cap can appear in a composition even without the figure and convey the idea of Liberty. The French revolutionaries were particularly fond of symbols and allegories. This was becau so many keywords during this period — such as Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, Unity, the Law, the People — were celebrated with a fervor that was until then rerved for the monarchy and for religion.
