计算机英语（1） Desktop Pattern In the graphical ur interface of Microsoft Windows 98,a graphical pattern-called wallpaper-displayed on the desktop (the background "beneath" windows, icons, and dialog boxes). The pattern or picture in the screen background that can be chon by the ur. To change the desktop pattern, choo Display from the Control Panel. 桌面图案在Microsoft Windows 98的图形用户界面中,一种显示在桌面上称为壁纸(Wallpaper )的图形图案(窗口、图标和对话框后面的背景),屏幕背景可由用户选择图案样式或画面。要改变桌面图案时,从控制面板上选择显示方式。 计算机英语（2） Federated Databa In scientific networking ,a collaborative databa (part of a collaborator) in which scientists pool their knowledge and discoveries .Federated databas are one propod solution to the Grand Challenges——problems that are so complex that they far outstrip the capabilities of individual scientists ,or even individual rearch institutions ,to tackle them independently. 联合式数据库在科学联网中,科学家们汇集其知识和发现的一种合作数据库(合作的一部分)。联合数据库是对种种重大挑战问题(Grand Challenges)的一种建议性的解决方案——这些问题太复杂,以致于超出单个科学家的能力,甚至单个研究所都无法来单独解决它们。 计算机英语（3） Collap When creating an outline or viewing a directory tree (such as in the Windows Explorer ),the process of hiding all the outline levels or subdirectories below the lected outline heading or directory. 折叠当生成一个题纲或观察一个目录树(如在Windows资源管理器中)时,在选定的题纲标题或目录下隐藏所有的题纲层或子目录的过程 。 计算机英语（4） Collision In local area networks (LANs) ,a garbled transmission that results when two or more workstations transmit to the same network cable at exactly the same time . Networks have means of preventing collisions. 冲突在局域网(LANs)中,当两个或多个工作站恰好在同时向同一个网络线路上传送(数据)时产生的错乱传输。网络拥有防止冲突的方法。 计算机英语（5） Shift key A key that ,when presd in combination with another key ,gives the other key an alternative meaning ;for example ,producing an upperca character when a letter key is presd .The Shift key is also ud in various key combinations to create nonstandard characters and to perform special operations .Early IBM keyboards labeled the Shift key only with a white arrow .Later keyboards label this key with the word Shift. 上档键(又译为换档键) 当一个键与另一个键组合使用时,它可改变另一个键的含义,例如，在按下某个字母键时产生大写字母。上档键也可用在各种键组合中，以生成非标准字符和执行特殊操作。早期IBM键盘仅用一个白色箭头标明换档键,后来的键盘用Shift标明这个键。 计算机英语（6） Shortcut In Microsoft Windows 98,an icon that provides fast access to a program .A fter you create the shortcut ,you e the program's icon on the desktop ,where you can start it quickly by double-clicking the icon. 快捷方式在Microsoft Windows 98中提供的对程序进行快速访问的图标。当你建立了快捷方式后,你在桌面上就看到了该程序的图标,通过双击图标你就可以迅速地启动该程序。 计算机英语（7） Shortcut Key A key combination that provides one-stroke access directly to a command or dialog box ,bypassing any intermediate menus. 快捷键是一组提供直接对命令或对话框一次敲击访问的键组合,绕过任何中间菜单。 计算机英语（8） Signature In electronic mail and UNet newsgroups ,a brief file (of approximately t hree or four lines )that contains the message nder's name ,organization ,address ,e-mail address ,and (optionally )telephone numbers .You can configure most s ystems to add this file automatically at the end of each message you nd .Ne tiquette advis against long ,complicated signatures ,especially when posting to UNet .In virus-protection utilities ,program code identifiable as belongi ng to a known virus. 签名 在电子邮件和UNet你好中,包括消息发送者的姓名、机构、地址、e-mail地址和(任选的)电话号码的简要文件(大约3或4行)。你可将多数系统配置成在你所发送的每一条消息的最后自动加上这个文件。网上礼仪建议不要有太长太复杂的签名,特别是当邮送到UNet时更是这样。在病毒保护实用程序中,当病毒已知时,程序码是可以识别的。 计算机英语（9） Wait state A microprocessor clock cycle in which nothing occurs .A wait state is programmed into a computer system to allow other components ,such as random-access memory (RAM) ,to catch up with the central processing unit (CPU) .The number of wait states depends on the speed of the processor in relation to the speed of memory .Wait states can be eliminated—resulting in a "zero wait state" machine—by using fast (but expensive )cache memory ,interleaved memory ,page-mode RAM ,or static RAM chips. 等待状态微处理器不执行任何动作的时钟周期。等待状态编入计算机系统中,以使其他部件(如随机RAM)跟上CPU的速度。等待状态的次数取决于与存储器速度相关的处理器速度。通过使用快速(但昂贵)的高速缓冲存储器、交错存取存储器、页面式RAM或静态RAM芯片,等待状态可消除,36是什么意思从而产生“蒿子粑粑的做法零等待状态”机。 计算机英语（10） Portal A Web site that rves as a gateway to the Internet .A portal which may be a arch engine or a directory web page is a collection of links ,content , and rvices designed to guide urs to information they are likely to find interesting —news , weather , entertainment , commerce sites , chat rooms , and so on . Yahoo! ,Excite , ,Infoek ,AOL ,Lycos and Netscape NetCenter are examples of portals .A web page is the starting point for web surfing . 门户一种Web站点,其作用是相当于Internet入网的网关。门户可能是一种搜索引擎或目录网页,是链路、内容和服务的总称,旨在将用户引导到他们很可能感兴趣的信息——消息、天气、娱乐、商业站点、聊天室等等。Yahoo!、Exicte、怖客、Infoek、AOL、Lycos 以及Netscape NetCenter等即为门户的实例。一个网页是Web浏览的起始点。 |
计算机英语（11） Packet Internet Groper (PING) A program ud to test whether a particular network destination is online ,by nding an Internet control message protocol (ICMP) echo request and waiting for a respon .(Also called packet internet gopher). 包因特网查询工具(PING) 用于通过发送一个Internet控制消息协议(ICMP)回送请求并等待应答来测试一个特定网络目的地是否联机的一种程序。也称作包因特网花滑选手gopher工具。 计算机英语（12） Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) A style sheet mechanism that has been specifically developed for Web page designers and urs .Style sheets describe how documents are prented on screens ,in print ,and even in spoken voice. Style sheets allow the ur to change the appearance of hundreds of Web pages by changing just one file .A style sheet is made up of rules that tell a browr how to prent a document .Numerous properties may be defined for an element ;each property is given a value. 层叠样式表(CSS) 专门为Web网页设计者和用户开发的一种样式表机制。样式表描述了文件怎样显示在屏幕上,怎样被打印出来,甚至怎样用语言说出来。样式表允许用户通过仅更改一个文件来改变数百个Web页的外观。一个样式表由许多告诉浏览器怎样表示一个文件的规则组成。可以为一个元素确定许多特性;每个特性给出一个值。 计算机英语（13） Y2K The year that many computers may develop problems becau of lack of foresight on the part of programmers .In the 1980s and before ,most computer programs were designed to store only the last two digits of the years on all dates .When the Year 2000 comes ,the programs will show dates of 00,which maybe interpreted the same as 1900.This discrepancy may cau widespread problems ,especially in the large computer systems ud in government and big industries. 两千年问题由于程序员方面缺乏预见性而造成许多计算机可能出现问题的一年。在80年代以及之前,大多数计算机程序被设计成在所有日期上只存储年份的最后两位数字。当2000年到来时,这些程序将显示日期00,这可能得到与1900年相同的解释。这种不一致性可能会引起普遍的问题,特别是在政府和大工业部门使用的大型计算机系统中。 计算机英语（14墨子非攻） Dynamic HTML (DHTML) HTML documents with dynamic content ;the three components of DHTML pages are HTML ,JavaScript ,and cascading style sheets .The three components are tied together with DOM ,the Document Object Model. 动态HTML文件 (DHTML) 含有动态内容的HTML文档;DHTML页面的三个组成部分为HTML、JavaScript和层叠样式表。这三个部分与DOM(熬夜头疼怎么缓解文档对象模型)联结在一起。 计算机英语（15） Gopher A document retrieval system from the University of Minnesota .Through Gopher ,a ur can access files from many different computers by looking through hierarchical menus to find specific topics .A document may be a text ,sound ,image ,or other type file .A program called Jughead can be ud to arch for topics found within Gopher files .Gopher sites can now be accesd through the World Wide Web. Gopher工具明尼苏达大学的一个文档检索系统。通过Gopher工具软件,用户可通过浏览分级菜单查找具体主题而从许多不同的计算机中访问文件。文档可以是文本、声音、图像或其它类型文件。可用一种称为Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation and Display的缩写)的程序来检索在Gopher文件内发现的主题。现在Gopher网址可通过WWW访问。 计算机英语（16） Quality Assurance A system of procedures carried out to ensure that a product or a system adheres or conforms to established standards .Also called quality control. 质量保证是为了确保一种产品或一种系统依附或符合已建立的标准而实施的一种系统过程,也称为质量控制。 计算机英语（17） Quality of Service Generally ,the handling capacity of a system or rvice ;the time interval between request and delivery of a product or rvice to the client or customer .In computer technology ,the guaranteed throughput (data transter rate) level. 服务质量(QoS) 通常,指一个系统或服务的处理能力。从提出请求到向用户或客户提交一种产品或服务之间的时间间隔。在计算机技术中,指所保证的吞吐(数据传输率)水平。 计算机英语（18） Query In databa management ,a arch question that tells the program what kind of data should be retrieved from the databa .An effective databa management system lets you retrieve only the information you need for a specific purpo .A query specifies the characteristics (criteria) ud to guide the computer to the required information. 查询在数据库管理中,告诉程序应从数据库检索何种数据的一种检索问题。一个有效的数据库管理系统使你仅检索特定目标的信息。查询规定了用来引导计算机至所需要信息的特征(条件)。 计算机英语（19） Query By Example (QBE) In databa management programs ,a query technique ,developed by IBM for u in the QBE program ,that prompts you to type the arch criteria into a template rembling the data record .The advantage of query-by-example retrieval is that you don’t need to learn a query language to frame a query .When you start the arch ,the program prents a screen that lists all the data fields that appear on every data record ;enter information that restricts the arch to just the specified criteria .The fields lift bland ,however ,will match anything. 按例查询 在数据库管理程序中,由IBM开发的用于QBE程序的一种查询技术,提示你将检索条件键入一个类似的数据记录的模板中。按例查询检索的优点在于你不需要学习查询语言来构建查询。当你开始检索时,程序便展示出一个屏幕,列出出现在每个数据记录中的数据段;输入将检索限制在仅为规定条件的信息。然而剩下的空白字段将可匹配任何内容。 计算机英语（20） Query Language In databa management programs ,a retrieval and data-editing language you u to specify what information to retrieve and how to arrange the retrieved information on-screen or when printing .The dot-prompt language of dBASE is a full-fledged query language ,as is Structured Query Language (SQL) ,which is ud for minicomputer and mainframe databas and is growing in popularity in the world of personal computers .The ideal query language is a natural language ,such as English. 查询语言在数据库管理程序中,用来规定检索何种信息以及屏幕上如何安排检索信息或何时打印的一种检索和数据编辑语言。dBASE的点提示符语言是非常成熟的查询语言,如结构化查询语言(SQL),这种语言用于小型机和大型机数据库,并且正在个人机领域普及。理想的查询语言是自然语言,如英语。 |
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