Introduction
recently, since the rising manufacturing costs such as labor wages in our current garment manufacturing site in China, our team are consider transferring our manufacturing site to Myanmar.
Therefore, we conducted an in- depth analysis on Myanmar's garment industries and has concluded our rearch, as well as our justifications in Myanmar as our manufacturing site in the near future below.
Background
Myanmar is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia. It borders Bangladesh and India in the west and northwest, China in the north and northeast, Lao PDR and Thailand in the east and southeast.
Now, Myanmar’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is about USD 83 billion and growing at between 5.5% and 6%. Agriculture is the largest contributor to the country’s GDP, and is alone worth 40%. Myanmar has a land area of about 677,000 sq. km. dotted with mountain ranges and valleys; out of this expan, only 18% is arable. Limited land availability is one of the biggest challenges for the agricultural ctor threatening its continued role as the largest contributor to Myanmar’s GDP.
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去铁锈小妙招On the other hand, Myanmar hous a labor force numbering about 33 million with an average age of 27 years and a literacy rate of nearly 90%. This large, and comparatively young, manpower is a prerequisite for the manufacturing ctors; the high literacy rate aids the efficient conversion of available manpower to a need-bad, skilled workforce and thus helps develop manufacturing. The current average labor cost is favorable to nearby garment hubs like Cambodia and could be a major factor in attracting low cost industries such as garment manufacturing and boosting exports from the country.
Some of the key international financial bodies indicate that Myanmar could match Asia’s f
ast growing economies by touching a GDP growth rate of 7% to 8% and may triple its per capita income by 2030.
We will proceed to look into the areas regarding the concerns of tting up a manufacturing site in Myanmar.
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The World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report (2013) ranked the overall quality of infrastructure in Myanmar 146th out of 148, suggesting it is necessary for the government increa the number of construction and provision, as well as to improve the quality of infrastructure. The lack of (soft and hard) infrastructure is significantly impeding Myanmar’s development, and reducing Myanmar’s attractiveness for foreign investment. In Myanmar, citizens do not have adequate access to basic infrastructures and rvices, such as electricity, transportation, and communication. The national transport network (road and railway) of Myanmar is outdated. Maritime transport is well-regulated and competitive and is growing rapidly and boosting the international cargo business. There is
a need for greater development and regulation in for telecommunication rvices, with the penetration rates for fixed-line rvices being around 1 per cent. On the other hand there has been a substantial increa in mobile rvices in recent years. The current situation of telecommunication is only able to meet the minimum requirements for local and intercity rvices for business and government, yet not advanced enough to meet the communication needs of international business. In most ctors, the provision of infrastructure and rvices is dominated by state-owned enterpris, while the participation of private investment and foreign investment are allowed under certain restrictions. In 2012, the government has put forward some new legislations (i.e. the Central Bank of Myanmar Law 2013) to promote uniform treatment of all financial institutions, whether private or state-owned. Due to a lack of capacity itlf, Myanmar is demanding more foreign financial investment and technical assistance to enhance its infrastructure construction.
Ports and Maritime
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Myanmar’s favorable geographic location makes it an attractive location to develop port facilities. The country’s 2,800km coastline runs along the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal and has the potential to become an alternative international trade route to Asia, bypassing the longer route through the Straits of Malacca. The development of its ports can e Myanmar becoming a regional trade and transport hub. The Bay of Bengal is already home to some of the biggest ports in the world - Chittagong in Bangladesh and Chennai in India, a good indicator of the strong potential of the location.
Myanmar currently has 9 ports along the western and southeastern coast of the country, namely: Yangon, Sittwe, Kyaukphyu, Thandwe, Pathein, Mawlamyine, Dawei, Myeik, and Kawthaung. In addition, Myanmar International Terminals Thilawa (MITT) is a private multi-purpo container terminal owned and operated by Hutchinson Port Holdings. However, with the exception of the country’s principal port in Yangon, the rest are reportedly small coastal ports with limited port handling capabilities. According to official statistics from the Myanmar Port Authority, Myanmar’s ports handled 24 million tons of import and export freight in 2011, with the Port of Yangon handling 90% of the cargo thro
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ughput.
Civil aviation
Myanmar currently has a total of 69 airports, of which only 32 are operational. There are 3 international airports - in Yangon, Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw, with 19 international airlines and 4 domestic airlines operating regular flight rvices between Myanmar and 17 regional destinations. In 2011, there were 1.5 million international pasngers and 1.4 million domestic pasngers.
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Railways
The railway ctor in Myanmar is currently a monopoly operated by state-owned Myanmar Railways. The rail network has expanded considerably over the last twenty years, expanding by almost 78% between 1988 and 2010, although the focus had been on providing transport rvices and connectivity to remote areas of the country.
According to ADB’s initial asssment of the railway ctor, the rail network is in poor con
dition and investment in basic infrastructure, such as track renewal, replacement of sleepers, and upgrading of signaling and communications systems, has been inadequate. For example, travel between Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw takes 5 hours by road and almost 9 hours by rail.
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