礼仪培训公司阅读真题C篇详解与二次开发
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A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israefs former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weakness. It takes ntences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out. yet (hey also point (o a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: "There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.^^
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A comput
er works with symbols. Its program specifies a t of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what tho symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes (he content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may em, the (radilion that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A.To explain the u of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors.D. Differences.
30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
瓜蒌子的功效与作用A. Create rules.B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently.D. Identify difficult words.
31.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C.Ancient philosophers t good examples for debaters.
D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
一、考情概括1、话题：人与社会——能否理解意义是智能辩手有别于人类的关键。
2、题材：C篇是一篇说明文——问题分析型，主要介绍了一个软件程序"Project Debater ",虽然可以击败人类冠军，但却有明显的缺陷——它无法理解意义，因为社会交往 与互动才是意义的关键所在。
3、答案：28-31 ： BCBA4、难度：适中
5世界杯用球、文章框架分析：1段导入话题Project-Debate,2-3段，指出project-debate的明显缺
陷：无法理解意义；第4段说明社会交往才是理解意义的关键所在。
二、答案解析：
28、B 题目问至1J : Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in （he first paragraph?（
为什 么作者在第一段中提到诺亚噢瓦迪亚？），A、解释软件程序的使用。B、显示辩论者项目 的聪明。C、介绍Debater项目的设计师。D、强调竞争的公平性。第二段第一句Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weakness,说了它是如此聪明，同义词 cleverness,选 Bo
29、C 题目问到：What does the underlined word "wrinkles" in paragraph 2 refer to?（第 2 段中带下划线的单词“皱纹”指的是什么？）A、参数。B怀疑。C错误。D差异。在原文第 二段中讲至I : This can lead to the kinds of eirors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. Such 指的是这些也就是前文 的实业公司经营范围errors错误，故选C。
30、B 健康行题目问至ij : What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?（根据哈蒙 德的说法，辩论者项目无法做什么？），A、创建规则。B理解意思。C、说话流利。D识 别困难单词。根据第三段第一句 meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.和倒数第二、三句：But for humans, meaning is everylhing. When we communicate, we communicate meaning.可见无法理解意义。
31、A 题目问到：31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?段落概括题。A、社交 是理解符号的关键。B、人脑的潜力有待开发。C、古代哲学家为辩论者树立了很好的榜 样,D、人工智能确保人类拥有光明的未来。根据最后一段的第一句Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.意义是通过一个社会互动的过程而产生的，而不是通过计算，这种互动塑造了 我们大脑中符号的内容。可知选A。
三、知识点二次开发（1）、核心背诵词汇：
1、opponent 2、intelligent 3、symbol4、emerge 5、shape 6、assign
7、comprehend 8、identifyAnswer:对手、聪明的、符号、出现、确认价值（熟词生义）、理解、确认。
（2）派生词：
派生词：
1、out+perform outperform 2、pre +built =prebuilt 3、ir +relevant =irrelevant 4、inter +aclion= interaction
5、astonish + ing =astionishing 6、en+ sure=ensureAnswer:超过、预生成的、无关紧要的、互动、令人惊奇的、保证。
什么菜可以生吃
(3)重难点词组1、string sth together 2、lead to
3、iron out the wrinkless 4、point out5、refer to 6、be central to
7、from 8、a t of 9、transform ...into..10、a string of
动车上的苟且11、法人身份证明social conventions 12、t an example forAnswer:把…联成句子、造成后果、解决小问题、指出、提到、是…的重要部分、使… 有别于、一套、使…变为、一系列、社会习俗、为…树立榜样。
