Organization of Speeches
I. Organizational Patterns:
A. Topical Division - organizes a speech according to aspects, subtopics, or topics.
B. Chronological Division- organizes speech according to a time quence.
Historical Topics, Process or procedure topics (how to cook, paint)
C. Spatial Division - organizes a speech according to the geography or physical structure of the subject. Best for topic dealing with parts of an object (i.e. the parts of a gun), or a place (Grocery Store, Muum)).
D. Causal Division - Organizes a speech from cau to effect, or effect to cau.
遥控器英语Identify / Trace an a condition from its caus (i.e. recession, medical topic dia) Also uful in persuasion
E. Pro-Con Division - organizes a speech according to arguments for and against some policy, position, or action. Since it is balanced approach - easier to u in informative than persuasion . Broader context and provides more balance/objectivity. ex. ud in policy options / political choices / May be uful in workplace tting.
F. Gimmick Division - Organizes a speech according to a special memory device, such as alliteration, rhyme, or initial letters that spell a word. ex. IRS
G. Problem Solution Pattern - A pattern of organization that analyzes a problem in terms of 1. harm, 2. significance, 3. cau; ant that propos a solution which is 1. Described 2. feasible, and 3. advantageous. Identifies and analyzes a problem and propos a solution.
II. How to Develop Key Ideas. -
A. Signpost- words that indicate that you are going to make a point - initially, finally, next. (Give directions)
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B. State your idea - word precily (Tag)
C. Support your idea
D. Summarize your idea
III. Organizing the Body of the Speech- How to organize body of a speech-
A. Main points - how to break down and decide
1. 2-5 main points / 3 = best / Simplicity
2. 1 major idea per point
3. Symmetry
a. body should be longest part
b. points should be balanced in respect to time
c. intro and conclusion should be about the same length
4. Coherence- make sure the points relate to each other / conclusion ties back into the intro.
5. Orderliness - need a consistent pattern of development. (i.e. problem then solution, chronological start at beginning and go to end / don't jump around.) org structure
B. Sub points - how to break down main points into more specific areas. Makes speech more developed and organized.
1. 2-4 subpoints
2. 1 idea per subpoint
3. balance time
白心火龙果的功效与作用4. follow a clear development
C. Support materials - narrative, definitions, descriptions, comparison, examples, ets
1. Make sure they really support main point
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2. Supporting material must be specific.
D. Connectives or Transitions:
1. Internal transitions - connects 2 main points
summary of last point and preview of next point
now that I have, I will
2. Internal preview- list subpoints at beginning of main point
cats are clean for three reasons; litter box, bathing, dry food
3. Internal summary - restate subpoints at end of a main point
IE: it was en that cats are clean becau the u a litter box, bathe frequently and eat dry food.
4. Sign posts - mini transitions between subpoints
E. Types of Transitions: transition - a statement that connects parts of the speech and indicates the nature of their connection.
Complementary - adds one idea on to another, also, and , next, in addition to
Causal - establishes a cau effect relationship between two ideas; conquently, resulting in, becau
Contrasting - shows how two ideas are different; but, although, on the other hand
Chronological Transitions - shows how one idea proceeds or follows another in time: next, further, then
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IV. Functions of an Outline-
A. Tests the scope of a speaker's content
B. Tests the logical relations among parts of the speech
1500英语怎么读C. Tests relevance of supporting ideas.
D. Checks balance of proportion of speech
E. Serves as notes during delivery of speech.
V. Types of an Outline-
A. Word
B. Phra
C. Sentence
Coordinate Ideas - (main points)
Subordinate ideas - (subpoints) Must have at least 2 for each main point.
Outlining guidelines
1. Each number or letter should reprent only 1 idea.
2. Should u consistent numbers and letters.
3. If there is a subpoint there must be at least 2.
4. Should u a complete ntence/ phra/ word depending on outline.
5. Coordinate points should have parallel grammatical construction.512av
