a chip off the old block 与父母相像， 酷似双亲
Perhaps the most significant impact that the Black Death had on Asia was that it contributed to the fall of the mighty Mongol Empire
三文鱼If we could upgrade our cells to run on solar power, the age-old restrictions of using carbon and oxygen to produce energy might be overcome. The idea sounds outlandish
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster dramatically changed the world's opinion about using nuclear reaction for power
In addition to smell, the color of your clothes also play a role in whether or not mosquitoes will ek you out for their dinner. If you regularly dress in black, red, or navy blue, you're more attractive to mosquitoes
According to the study, mosquitoes that had been deprived of water for just a few hours were much more likely to bite people than tho with consistent access to water. While all of this new rearch increas our understanding of mosquito behavior, scientists are still no clor to knowing how to prevent you from getting bitten by mosquitoes entirely
Violence is a central concept for describing social relationships among humans, a concept loaded with ethical and political significance. In some, probably most, circumstances it is evident that violence is unjust; but, some cas appear more debatable to someone’s eyes: can violence ever be justified?
The debate on the justification of violence is a great ca in point tting apart what could be labeled as idealistic and realistic approaches to ethics. The idealist will insist that, no matter what, violence can never be justified
But the question isn’t as simple as it sounds. Philosophers specialize in unpacking hidden complexities, and the concept of the good life is one of tho that needs quite a bit of unpacking
Recent rearch shows that people who have children are not necessarily happier than people who don’t have children. Indeed, during the child-raising years, and especially when children have turned into teenagers, parents typically have lower levels of happiness and higher levels of stress. But even though having children may not make people happier, it does em to give them the n that their lives are more meaningful
Points, vectors, matrices and normals are to computer graphics what the alphabet is to literature
台州中学when talking to a mathematician or a physicist, their understanding of a vector or point could be far more general; they are not necessarily restricted to the u we make of them
in CG. For them, a vector could be of arbitrary or even infinite size (meaning it can contain as many numbers as desired)
One important thing we haven't explained yet is what the three numbers defining points and vectors reprent. The number reprent the coordinates of a point (in 2D or 3D space) with respect to a reference (also sometimes called the origin). This reference, which we technically call a coordinate system, is the topic of our next chapter
Coordinate systems play an esntial role in the graphics pipeline. They are not complicated; coordinates are one of the first things we learn in school when we study geometry. However, learning a few things about them now will make it easier to understand matrices
This article explains all of the basic theory that's uful to know when you are getting started working with 3D
Internationalized software supports the languages and cultural customs of people throughout the world. The Web reaches all parts of the world. Internationalized web apps provide a great ur experience for people everywhere
requestAnimationFrame has a number of advantages. Perhaps the most important one is that it paus when the ur navigates to another browr tab, hence not wasting their precious processing power and battery life
History never repeats itlf. Man always does
rules go out the window
This would help the procutor gather evidence against him which could be ud in court.
这将有利于控方律师搜集对他不利的证据以在法庭上指控他。
He's a staunch supporter of controls on government spending.
他坚决支持控制政府开支
The human feature that is most extraordinary is the brain. The relative size, scale, and capacity of the human brain are greater than tho of any other species. The size of the human brain relative to the total weight of the average human is 1-to-50. Most other mammals have a ratio of only 1-to-180
It is theorized that childhood is much longer for humans, with offspring remaining with their parents for a longer period of time becau it takes longer for the larger, more complex human brain to fully develop. Studies suggest that the brain is not fully developed until the ages of 25 to 30
活动物料Mind is a tricky concept. I think I know what a mind is becau I have one—or becau I
am one. You might feel the same. But the minds of others are not directly obrvable. We assume that others have minds somewhat like ours—filled with beliefs and desires—but we can only infer tho mental states. We cannot e, feel, or touch them. We largely rely on language to inform each other about what is on our minds
亲爱的英文怎么写As far as we know, humans have the unique power of forethought: the ability to imagine the future in many possible iterations and then to actually create the future we imagine. Forethought also allows humans generative and creative abilities unlike tho of any other species
The knowledge of mortality also spurs humans on to great achievements, to making the most out of the lives they have. Some social psychologists maintain that without the knowledge of death, the birth of civilization and the accomplishments it has spawned might never have occurred
Regardless of one's religious beliefs and thoughts about what happens after death, the truth is that, unlike other species who live blissfully unaware of their impending demi, most humans are conscious of the fact that someday they will die. Although some species react when one of their own has died, it is unlikely that they actually think about death—that of others or their own
Humans are both unique and paradoxical. While they are the most advanced species intellectually, technologically, and emotionally—extending human lifespans, creating artificial intelligence, traveling to outer space, showing great acts of heroism, altruism and compassion—they also have the capacity to engage in primitive, violent, cruel, and lf-destructive behavior
Apart from our obvious intellectual capabilities that distinguish us as a species, humans have veral unique physical, social, biological, and emotional traits. Although we can't know precily what is in the minds of other animals, scientists can make inferences thro
ugh studies of animal behavior that inform our understanding
Due to budgetary and technical issues, much of Russia’s surface fleet is old and their weapons obsolete(过时的)
中国航母名字the mayor promid to put a stop to the rampant crime that plagued the city
High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some rearchers have discovered, pursuing perfection can have rious conquences to both mental and physical well being
Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being less successful. In fact, becau mistakes are an importan
t part of learning and growing, embracing imperfection can actually help us in the long run
One possible alternative to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindt. Rearchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindt is a crucial way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike tho with fixed mindts (who e their skill levels as innate and unchangeable), tho with growth mindts believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes
Psychologists point out that parents can play a crucial role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can prai their children for making an effort (even if their results were imperfect) and help children learn to pervere when they make mistakes
Positive psychology is the scientific study of human flourishing and well-being
While positive psychology has received a great deal of attention, it has also been criticized for a number of reasons, including neglecting individual differences, blaming the
victim, and being biad towards a Western, white, middle-class perspective
anyone can improve their happiness through practices like optimism and altruism
Money doesn’t impact happiness past a certain point, but spending money on experiences will make people happier than spending it on material things
You may have heard that humans only u 10 percent of their brain power, and that if you could unlock the rest of your brainpower, you could do so much more. You could become a super genius, or acquire psychic powers like mind reading and telekinesis. However, there is a powerful body of evidence debunking the 10 percent myth. Scientists have consistently shown that humans u their entire brain throughout each day
Neuropsychology studies how the anatomy of the brain affects someone’s behavior, emotion, and cognition. Over the years, brain scientists have shown that different parts of
the brain are responsible for specific functions, whether it’s recognizing colors or problem solving. Contrary to the 10 percent myth, scientists have proven that every part of the brain is integral for our daily functioning
You spend about one-third of your life asleep, so it makes n if you'd like to remember part of the experience. Remembering your dreams may help you understand your subconscious mind, make difficult decisions, deal with stress, and lucid dream, and can rve as a source of inspiration or entertainment. Even if you don't remember your dreams, you almost certainly have them. The exception includes persons with fatal familial insomnia
If you're rious about remembering dreams, it's important to sleep well at night. While people dream during the first 4 to 6 hours of sleep, most of tho dreams are associated with memory and repair. As sleep progress, periods of REM (rapid eye movement) become longer, leading to more interesting dreams.
You can improve the quality of sleep by making certain you're allowing at least 8 hours to rest, turning off distracting lights, and making certain the room is quiet. It may help to u a sleep mask and earplugs, especially if you're a light sleeper
After dreaming in the REM stage, it's not uncommon to wake up, and then fall back to sleep. Most people forget dreams during the short arousal periods and move on to another sleep cycle. If you wake up from a dream, do not open your eyes or move. Looking around the room or moving may distract you from the dream. Remember the dream as fully as you can. Then open your eyes and write down as much as you can remember before going back to sleep. If you're too tired to write down details, try to record important points and then flesh out the description after you wake up in the morning
踌躇满志
Be sure to keep a pen and paper on the nightstand rather than in another room. If you have to leave the room to record dreams, chances are good you'll forget the dream or els
e lo the motivation to record it as soon as you wake up
If writing isn't your thing, record your dream using a tape recorder or your phone. Make sure to go back and listen to the recording, to e if it jogs your memory, allowing you to recall more detail
It's easier to remember dreams if they are interesting, exciting, or vivid. One of the ways to stimulate vivid dreams is to do something unusual or interesting during waking hours. Try learning a new skill or visiting a different place. If you're stuck in a routine, try taking a different route to work or school, brush your hair differently, or put on your clothes in a different order
Foods and supplements can also affect dreams. For example, melatonin affects REM sleep. Foods that contain melatonin include cherries, almonds, bananas, and oatmeal. Bananas are also high in another chemical that affects dreams—vitamin B6. A 2002 stud
y of college students indicated vitamin B6 incread dream vividness and recollection. However, too much of the vitamin led to insomnia and other negative health effects. The "dream herb" Calea zacatechichi is ud by the Chontal tribe in Mexico for lucid dreaming and to induce prophetic dreams. Calea leaves, stems, and flowers may be made into a tea
Other foods and drinks may adverly affect dream recollection. Alcohol and caffeine affect the sleep cycle, potentially making it more difficult to remember dreams. Persons wishing to recall dreams should avoid drinking alcoholic beverages, coffee, or tea at least two hours before going to sleep
A poison is a substance that caus death or injury when it's ingested, inhaled, or absorbed into the body. Technically, anything can be a poison. If you drink enough water, you'll die. It's just a matter of do. So, this list covers poisons that are lethal at extremely low dos. Why would anyone need such a list? It may be helpful if you're writing a murd
er mystery or wondering whether someone is out to get you. Maybe you're just curious
In 1992, Teen Talk Barbie was relead with the controversial voice fragment, “Math class is hard.” While the toy’s relea met with public backlash, this underlying assumption persists, propagating the myth that women do not thrive in science, technology, engineering and mathematic (STEM) fields due to biological deficiencies in math aptitude
Every person yawns. So do many other vertebrate animals, including snakes, dogs, cats, sharks, and chimpanzees. While yawning is contagious, not everyone catches a yawn. Around 60-70% of people yawn if they e another person yawn in real life or in a photo or even read about yawning. Contagious yawning also occurs in animals, but it doesn't necessarily work the same way as in people. Scientists have propod many theories for why we catch yawns
Probably the most popular theory of contagious yawning is that yawning rves as a form
of nonverbal communication. Catching a yawn shows you're attuned to a person's emotions. Scientific evidence comes from a 2010 study at the University of Connecticut, which concluded yawning does not become contagious until a child is about four years old, when empathy skills develop. In the study, children with autism, who may have impaired empathy development, caught yawns less often than their peers. A 2015 study addresd contagious yawning in adults. In this study, college students were given personality tests and asked to view video clips of faces, which included yawning. The results indicated students with lower empathy were less likely to catch yawns. Other studies have identified a correlation between diminished contagious yawning and schizophrenia, another condition linked to reduced empathy
However, the link between yawning and empathy is inconclusive. Rearch at the Duke Center for Human Genome Variation, published in the journal PLOS ONE, sought to define the factors that contribute to contagious yawning. In the study, 328 healthy volunteers were given a survey that included measures of sleepiness, energy levels, and
empathy. Survey participants watched a video of people yawning and counted how many times they yawned while watching it. While most people yawned, not everyone did. Of the 328 participants, 222 yawned at least once. Repeating the video test multiple times revealed that whether or not a given person yawns contagiously is a stable trait
The Duke study found no correlation between empathy, time of day, or intelligence and contagious yawning, yet there was a statistical correlation between age and yawning. Older participants were less likely to yawn. However, becau age-related yawning only accounted for 8% of the respons, the investigators intend to look for a genetic basis for contagious yawning
Studying contagious yawning in other animals may provide clues to how people catch yawns.
A study conducted at the Primate Rearch Institute at Kyoto University in Japan examined how chimpanzees respond to yawning. The results, published in The Royal So
ciety Biology Letters, indicated two of six chimps in the study clearly yawned contagiously in respon to videos of other chimps yawning. Three infant chimps in the study did not catch yawns, indicating young chimps, like human children, may lack the intellectual development needed to catch yawns. Another interesting finding of the study was that chimps only yawned in respon to videos of actual yawns, not to videos of chimps opening their mouths
A University of London study found dogs could catch yawns from humans. In the study, 21 of 29 dogs yawned when a person yawned in front of them, yet did not respond when the human simply opened his mouth. The results supported a correlation between age and contagious yawning, as only dogs older than ven months were susceptible to catching yawns. Dogs aren't the only pets known to catch yawns from humans. Although less common, cats have been known to yawn after eing people yawn.
Contagious yawning in animals may rve as a means of communication. Siame fighting fish yawn when they e their mirror image or another fighting fish, generally just
prior to an attack. This could be a threat behavior or it could rve to oxygenate the fish's tissues prior to exertion. Adelie and emperor penguins yawn at each other as part of their courtship ritual
Contagious yawning is linked to temperature, in both animals and people. Most scientists speculate it is a thermoregulatory behavior, while some rearchers believe it is ud to communicate a potential threat or stressful situation. A 2010 study of budgerigars found that yawning incread as temperature was raid near body temperature.
People commonly yawn when tired or bored. Similar behavior is en in animals. One study found the brain temperature in sleep deprived rats was higher than their core temperature. Yawning reduced brain temperature, possibly improving brain function. Contagious yawning could act as a social behavior, communicating a time for a group to rest
When reading the news, it's easy to feel discouraged and pessimistic about human natur
e. Recent psychology studies have suggested that people aren't actually as lfish or greedy as they sometimes em. A growing body of rearch is showing that most people want to help others and that doing so makes their lives more fulfilling
You may have heard in the news about "pay it forward" chains: when one person offers a small favor the recipient is likely to offer the same favor to someone el. A study by rearchers at Northeastern University has found that people really do want to pay it forward when someone el helps them, and the reason is that they feel grateful. This experiment was t up so that participants would experience a problem with their computer halfway through the study. When someone el helped the subject fix their computer, the subject subquently spent more time helping a new person with a different task. In other words, when we feel grateful for the kindness of others, it motivates us to want to help someone as well
In a study conducted by psychologist Elizabeth Dunn and her colleagues, participants we
re given a small amount of money ($5) to spend during the day. Participants could spend the money however they wanted, with one important caveat: half of the participants had to spend the money on themlves, while the other half of participants had to spend it on someone el. When the rearchers followed up with participants at the end of the day, they found something that might surpri you: the people who spent the money on someone el were actually happier than the people who spent money on themlves
The psychologist Carol Ryff is known for studying what is called eudaimonic well-being: that is, our n that life is meaningful and has a purpo. According to Ryff, our relationships with others are a key component of eudaimonic well-being. A study published in 2015 provides evidence that this is indeed the ca: in this study, participants who spent more time helping others reported that their lives had a greater n of purpo and meaning. The same study also found that participants felt a greater n of meaning after writing a letter of gratitude to someone el. This rearch shows that taking time to help another person or express gratitude to someone el can actually
make life more meaningful
佳能ixus210Psychologist Stephanie Brown and her colleagues investigated whether helping others may be related to a longer life. She asked participants how much time they spent helping others. Over five years, she found that the participants who spent the most time helping others had the lowest risk of mortality. In other words, it appears that tho who support others end up actually supporting themlves too. It ems that many people are likely to benefit from this, given that the majority of Americans help others 403 in some way. In 2013, one-quarter of adults volunteered and most adults spent time informally helping someone el
Carol Dweck, of Stanford University, has conducted a wide range of rearch studying mindts: people who have a “growth mindt” believe they can improve at something with effort, while people with a “fixed mindt” think their abilities are relatively unchangeable. Dweck has found that the mindts tend to become lf-fulfilling; when
people believe they can get better at something, they often end up experiencing more improvements over time. It turns out that empathy can be affected by our mindt too
In a ries of studies, rearchers found that mindts may even affect how empathetic we are. Participants who were encouraged to embrace “growth mindts” (in other words, to believe it’s possible to become more empathetic) put in more time and effort trying to empathize with others in situations where empathy might have been more difficult for participants. As one New York Times opinion piece about empathy explains, “empathy is actually a choice.” Empathy isn’t something that only a few people have the capacity for; we all have the ability to become more empathetic
Although it can sometimes be easy to be discouraged about humanity the psychological evidence suggests that this doesn’t paint a full picture of humanity. Instead, the rearch suggests that we want to help others and have the capacity to become more empathetic. In fact, rearchers have found that we’re happier and feel that our lives are more fulfillin
g when we spend time helping others.
Infinity is an abstract concept ud to describe something that is endless or boundless. It is important in mathematics, cosmology, physics, computing, and the arts
说给男朋友的情话Of all Zeno's paradoxes, the most famous is his paradox of the Tortoi and Achilles. In the paradox, a tortoi challenges the Greek hero Achilles to a race, providing the tortoi is given a small head start. The tortoi argues he will win the race becau as Achilles catches up to him, the tortoi will have gone a bit further, adding to the distance
In simpler terms, consider crossing a room by going half the distance with each stride. First, you cover half the distance, with half remaining. The next step is half of one-half, or a quarter. Three quarters of the distance is covered, yet a quarter remains. Next is 1/8th, then 1/16th, and so on. Although each step brings you clor, you never actually reach the other side of the room. Or rather, you would after taking an infinite number of steps
One way to think about infinity is in terms of the monkey theorem. According to the theorem, if you give a monkey a typewriter and an infinite amount of time, eventually it will write Shakespeare's Hamlet. While some people take the theorem to suggest anything is possible, mathematicians e it as evidence of just how improbable certain events are
