TED精选⼁情商⾼的⼈这样讲话，谁都愿意听
How to speak so that people want to listen
演讲者简介
Julian Treasure
Julian Treasure studies sound and advis business on how best to u it, who is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advis worldwide business -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stresd, energized, acquisitive?
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We speak not very well to people who simply aren't listening in an environment that's all about noi and bad acoustics. I have talked about that on this stage in different phas.婴儿身高体重
What would the world be like if we were speaking powerfully to the people who listen consciously in environments which were actually fit for purpo?
Or to make that a bit larger, what would the world be like if we were creating sound consciously and consuming sound consciously and designing all our environments consciously for sound? That would be a world that does sound beautiful, and one where understanding would be the norm, and that is an idea worth spreading.
中英⽂本对照
The human voice: It's the instrument we all play. It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably. It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you." And yet many people have the experience that when they speak, people don't listen to them. And why is that? How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?
我们每个⼈，都会运⽤语⾳。这⼤概是全世界最有影响⼒的声⾳，⼀句话能够挑起连天的战⽕，也能表达爱慕的情愫。很多⼈都有相似的经历：说了话却没⼈在听。这是为什么呢？如何让话语掷地有声，进⽽改变世界？
What I'd like to suggest, there are a number of habits that we need to move away from. I've asmbled for your pleasure here ven deadly sins of speaking. I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list, but the ven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into.
我建议⼤家，我们要改掉⼀些不良习惯。我整理出讲话中的「七宗罪」，供⼤家参考。内容并⾮尽善尽美，但是这七条过失，可能是我们所有⼈的弱点。
First, gossip. Speaking ill of somebody who's not prent. Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us.
⾸先，「说长道短」。我们在别⼈背后指指点点，这是个坏习惯。如果有⼈在我们⾯前搬弄别⼈的是⾮，那么五分钟后他就会在别⼈⾯前评论我们。
Second, judging. We know people who are like this in conversation, and it's very hard to listen to somebody if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.
第⼆，「评断」。很多⼈在交谈时都很喜欢评判。如果别⼈在说话时批评你，或认为你能⼒不⾜，你就不会愿意听他讲话。
Third, negativity. You can fall into this. My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative,
手镯的含义
and it's hard to
Third, negativity. You can fall into this. My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative, and it's hard to listen. I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today," and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?" It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.
第三，「⼼态消极」。你也可能陷⼊这种状态。我母亲晚年时的⼼态变得⾮常消极，没有⼈愿意听她讲话。有⼀天我对她说：「今天是10⽉1⽇了。」她说：「是啊，很糟吧？」（笑声）⼤家可不想听那么消极的⼈说话。
伦敦白银And another form of negativity, complaining. Well, this is the national art of the U.K. It's our national sport. We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything, but actually, complaining is viral miry. It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.
抱怨也是⼀种负⾯情绪，这已经成为了⼀种英国⽂化。这是全民运动，我们抱怨天⽓、抱怨⽐赛、抱怨政治，抱怨⼀切。但抱怨是病毒般的灾难。因为你没有把温暖和光明带给他⼈。
Excus. We've all met this guy. Maybe we've all been this guy. Some people have a blamethrower. They just pass it on to everybody el and don't take responsibility for their actions, and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.
「找借⼝」。我们都碰过这种⼈。也许我们都曾找借⼝开脱。有些⼈⽼是找替死⿁，他们推诿塞责，不为⾃⼰的⾔⾏承担责任，我们不太会去听这种⼈说话。
Penultimate, the sixth of the ven, embroidery, exaggeration. It demeans our language, actually, sometimes. For example, if I e something that really is awesome, what do I call it? And then, of cour, this exaggeration becomes lying, and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.
倒数第⼆点，也就是第六点，「花⾔巧语，过分夸张」。这可以说是对语⾔的亵渎。假如⼀个说话夸张的⼈，遇到超赞的事，那么他还能⽤什么形容词呢？（笑声）其实，语⾔过分夸张就是欺骗，不折不扣的谎⾔，没有⼈喜欢听骗⼦的话。
And finally, dogmatism. The confusion of facts with opinions. When tho two things get conflated, you're listening into the wind. You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true. It's difficult to listen to that.
最后是「过分武断」。真相与见解混淆不清。这样讲话只会成为别⼈的⽿旁风。就像有⼈⽤⾃以为是的观点炮轰你，很难有⼈想听他说话。
劳模事迹
So here they are, ven deadly sins of speaking. The are things I think we need to avoid. But is there a positive way to think about this? Yes, there is. I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations, that we can stand on if we want our speech to be powerful and to make change in the world. Fortunately, the things spell a word. The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well. I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky and hits you on the head. I'm talking about this definition, to greet or acclaim enthusiastically, which is how I think our words will be received if we stand on the four things.
以上就是讲话中的「七宗罪」。我们应该避免以上的错误。那么在讲话时是否有能遵循的原则呢？是有⼏项。我⼀共总结了四个强⽽有⼒的基本要点，能使我们讲话更有影响⼒，并且能够改变这个世界。很凑巧，这四个要点可以拼成⼀个单词，这就是「HAIL」，这个单词本⾝就包含深刻的意义。我指的不是从天⽽下、砸在你头上的冰雹。我指的是热情欢呼、喝采的意思，若能依据这四个要点，别⼈就能听进我们的话。
肺癌晚期治疗So what do they stand for? See if you can guess. The H, honesty, of cour, being true in what you say, being straight and clear. The A is authenticity, just being yourlf. A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth, which I think is a lovely way to put it. The I is integrity, being your word, actually doing what you say, and being somebody people can trust. And the L is love. I don't mean ro
mantic love, but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons. First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want. I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning. Perhaps that's not necessary. Tempered with love, of cour, honesty is a great thing. But also, if you're really wishing somebody well, it's very hard to judge them at the same time. I'm not even sure you can do tho two things simultaneously. So hail.
那么「HAIL」分别代表什么呢？你猜猜看。当然，「H」代表诚实 (Honesty)。讲话的内容要真实，且清晰⽆任何歪曲。「A」代表内⼼诚恳、正⼼诚意（Authenticity）。我朋友认为，这就如同对⾃⼰诚实。这个解释⾮常到位。「I」代表⾔⾏⼀致（Integrity），不能说⼀套做⼀套，做⼀个能让⼈信任的⼈。「L」代表爱（Love），这不是指男
「I」代表⾔⾏⼀致（Integrity），不能说⼀套做⼀套，做⼀个能让⼈信任的⼈。「L」代表爱（Love），这不是指男⼥之间的爱情，⽽是希望帮助别⼈、成就别⼈。原因有⼆：⾸先，我们也许不需要绝对的诚实。「天哪，你今早真是难看」之类的话，是没有必要的。如果你内⼼充满慈爱，那么诚实就是很⼤的优点。如果你真⼼希望别⼈受益，你就不会指摘别⼈的不是，因为你⽆法同时做到这两件事。这就是「HAIL」。
Also, now that's what you say, and it's like the old song, it is what you say, it's also the way that you s
ay it. You have an amazing toolbox. This instrument is incredible, and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened. I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now and just pull a few tools out that you might like to take away and play with, which will increa the power of your speaking.
以上介绍的是讲话的内容，就像⼀⾸⽼歌⾥唱的，你说的话重要，你说话的⽅式也很重要。我们每个⼈都拥有智慧的宝库，宝库⾥藏着⼗分有⽤的⼯具，但很少有⼈开启这座宝库。接下来我将与各位⼀起进⼊宝库探索，寻找⼀些⼤家都乐于使⽤的⼯具，就能藉此增强你说话的⼒量。
Register, for example. Now, faltto register may not be very uful most of the time, but there's a register in between. I'm not going to get very technical about this for any of you who are voice coaches. You can locate your voice, however. So if I talk up here in my no, you can hear the difference. If I go down here in my throat, which is where most of us speak from most of the time. But if you want weight, you need to go down here to the chest. You hear the difference? We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true, becau we associate depth with power and with authority. That's register.
⾸先是⾳区。在讲话时，假⾳往往不太有效，因此我们应当使⽤较为适中的声区。我不想说得太专业，
哲学名句以免班门弄斧，因为在座有很多是声乐导师。其实，我们可以⾃⼰调整发声位置。如果我透过⿐腔发声，你就会听出不同；透过喉咙发声是这样的，在座⼤多数⼈通常都透过喉咙发声。但如果你想加强声⾳的厚重感，就可以透过胸腔发声。你能听出区别吗？我们会把票投给嗓⾳低沉的候选⼈，这是真的，因为低沉的嗓⾳会让⼈们想到⼒量和权威。这是「声区」。
Then we have timbre. It's the way your voice feels. Again, the rearch shows that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm, like hot chocolate. Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world, becau you can train. Go and get a voice coach. And there are amazing things you can do with breathing, with posture, and with exercis to improve the timbre of your voice.
下⾯我们介绍「⾳⾊」，也就是嗓⾳带给别⼈的感觉。研究显⽰，我们偏好如同热巧克⼒⼀般丰富、流畅、温暖的嗓⾳。你没有这种嗓⾳也不要紧，可以透过训练改变，可以寻求声乐导师的帮助。你也可以在很多⽅⾯下功夫，⽐如呼吸、姿势以及勤奋的练习，这样你就能改善⾃⼰的⾳⾊。
Then prosody. I love prosody. This is the sing-song, the meta-language that we u in order to impart meaning. It's root one for meaning in conversation. People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to if they don't have any prosody at all. That's where the word "monotonic" comes from, or monotonous, monotone. Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in, where ever
y ntence ends as if it were a question when it's actually not a question, it's a statement? And if you repeat that one, it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody, which I think is a shame, so let's try and break that habit.
第三是注意「抑扬顿挫」。这就好⽐是歌唱，它能使语意层次分明，这是谈话中表达意义的根本。单⼀的语调很不利于他⼈聆听。缺乏抑扬顿挫就不会收到理想效果，这会让世界变得平淡⽽单调。但也不要频繁⽽重复地使⽤语调，不要在每句话的结尾使⽤升调，让⼈误以为是疑问句，其实那只不过是陈述句⽽已。（笑声）重复地使⽤语调会局限原本该有的沟通效果，那就可惜了，所以我们要改掉这种习惯。
Pace. I can get very excited by saying something really quickly, or I can slow right down to emphasize, and at the end of that, of cour, is our old friend silence. There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there? We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs. It can be very powerful.
「语速」。我能表现得⾮常兴奋，只要⽤极快的语速讲话；也可以放慢语速，就能有强调的效果。接下来，我要介绍经典的⼀招：「沉默」。在讲话中适时地沉默⽚刻并⽆不可，对吧？为什么要使⽤⽆谓的「嗯」和「啊」呢？沉默才更有⼒量。
Of cour, pitch often goes along with pace to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch. Whe
re did you leave my keys? (Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys? So, slightly different meaning in tho two deliveries.
并⽤「⾳⾼」与「语速」时，往往能唤起听者的注意，只有⾳⾼也有效。你把我的钥匙放在哪⼉了？你把我的钥匙放
并⽤「⾳⾼」与「语速」时，往往能唤起听者的注意，只有⾳⾼也有效。你把我的钥匙放在哪⼉了？你把我的钥匙放在哪⼉了？这两句话的意思是略有不同的。
And finally, volume. (Loud) I can get really excited by using volume. Sorry about that, if I startled anybody. Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet. Some people broadcast the whole time. Try not to do that. That's called sodcasting. Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately. Not nice.
最后是「⾳量」。这样⼤的⾳量让我显得⾮常兴奋，⾮常抱歉吓了你们⼀跳。我也可以把声⾳放轻，吸引你们的注意⼒。有些⼈总是声⼤如雷，请不要这样，这就像在公共场所⽤⼿机放⾳乐，漫不经⼼地强迫他⼈听你的⾳乐，这不太好。
Of cour, where this all comes into play most of all is when you've got something really important to
写伤心的句子do. It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people. It might be proposing marriage, asking for a rai, a wedding speech. Whatever it is, if it's really important, you owe it to yourlf to look at this toolbox and the engine that it's going to work on, and no engine works well without being warmed up. Warm up your voice.
当然，这些⽅法要起作⽤得要是你做重要的事才⾏。⽐如像现在这样站在舞台上对⼤家演讲，也可能是求婚、请求加薪，或者在婚礼上致贺词等等，这些都属于重要场合。⼤家有必要看看这个能够派上⽤场的宝库和引擎。但机器⼯作前都需要预热，否则就不能发挥性能。声⾳也需要热⾝。
Actually, let me show you how to do that. Would you all like to stand up for a moment? I'm going to show you the six vocal warm-up exercis that I do before every talk I ever do. Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do the. First, arms up, deep breath in, and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that. One more time. Ahhhh, very good. Now we're going to warm up our lips, and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good. And now, brrrrrrrrrr, just like when you were a kid. Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive. We're going to do the tongue next with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la. Beautiful. You're getting really good at this. And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr. That's like champagne for the tongue. Finally, and if I can only do one, the pros call this the siren. It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw." The "we" is high, the "aw" is low. So you go, weeeaawww, 黄色小笑话
weeeaawww.
我来⽰范如何为嗓⼦做体操。⼤家能够站起来吗？不会耽误很久。我将⽰范⼝腔体操「六部曲」。每次演说前我都会这么做。如果你要和别⼈谈重要的事情，就做以下练习：⾸先举起双⼿，深呼吸。然后吐⽓，「呵……」就像这样。再来⼀次。「呵……」，⾮常好。现在要锻炼嘴唇了。像这样「啵、啵、啵、啵」，「啵、啵、啵、啵」，⾮常好。现在是「噗……」，就像个⼩孩⼦⼀样，「噗……」，你的嘴唇就会灵活了。现在是⾆尖上的体操。⽤夸张的嘴型说「啦、啦、啦、啦」，⼤家都做得⾮常好。现在是卷⾆的「⽇…⽇…⽇…」，这是⾆尖上的华尔兹。最后⼀个练习，「六部曲」的压轴戏，专家们称之为「诱⼈的歌声」。这是⾮常精彩的体操。从「呜伊」开始进⼊「噢」，「呜伊」是⾼⾳，「噢」是低⾳。我们开始「呜伊…噢…呜伊…噢…」
Fantastic. Give yourlves a round of applau. Take a at, thank you. Next time you speak, do tho in advance.
⾮常棒。请给⾃⼰⼀些掌声吧。请坐，谢谢各位。（掌声）下次在您讲话前别忘了先做⼝腔体操。
Now let me just put this in context to clo. This is a rious point here. This is where we are now, right? We speak not very well to people who simply aren't listening in an environment that's all about noi and bad acoustics. I have talked about that on this stage in different phas. What would the w
orld be like if we were speaking powerfully to people who were listening consciously in environments which were actually fit for purpo? Or to make that a bit larger, what would the world be like if we were creating sound consciously and consuming sound consciously and designing all our environments consciously for sound? That would be a world that does sound beautiful, and one where understanding would be the norm, and that is an idea worth spreading. Thank you!
让我回到主题来做个总结，我们提出了⼀个重要的主题。我们现在是这样吧？我们讲的话，让别⼈听不进去。这不是由于噪⾳、声学环境不佳所造成的。我在演讲的过程中曾多次提到：如果我们讲的话影响⼒强⼤，让别⼈乐于倾听，⽽且各种外在条件也适合我们讲话，那么世界将会如何？如果扩⼤范围来讲，如果我们有意识地发出声⾳、有意识地接受声⾳，并且很好地设置各种外在条件⽅便声⾳传播，那么这个世界将会如何？这个世界将处处洋溢着美好的⾳符。在这个世界中，相互理解就是标准和规范。这是个值得分享的点⼦。感谢⼤家！
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