(0099) 《英语文体学引论》复习思考题
I. Explain in brief the following terms. (10 points; in test it contains 10 terms)35mm镜头
1. stylistics
2. style
3. dialect
4. morpheme
5. phoneme
6. language
7. register 8. acoustic phonetics 9. auditory phonetics
10. syllable 11. general stylistics 12. literary stylistics
13. form 14. content 15. phonological analysis
16. lexical analysis 17. syntactical analysis 18. discoursal analysis
19. paralinguistic features 20. social dialect 21. taboo
22. whispery voice 23. breathy voice 24. creaky voice
25. faltto 26. common core words 27. technical words
28. standard words 29. non- standard words 30. spoken words
31. literary words 32. extension 33. specialization
34. elevation 35. degradation 36. metaphor
37. litotes 38. irony 39. compound ntence
40. periodic ntence 41. loo ntence 42. elliptical ntence
43. inverted ntence 44. antithesis 45. parallelism
46. repetition 47. deviation 48. cataphora
49. progressive conjunction 50. field of discour
II. Answer the following questions. (50 points; in test it contains 5 questions)
1. What is the relationship between form and content?
2. What are the differences between language and speech?
3. What is the methodology of stylistic analysis? What are the levels of stylistic analysis?
4. Define paralinguistic features. What are they?
5. What are the three ways of studying the sound of language?
6. What are the four typical meters in English poetry?
7. What is the relationship between sound and meaning?
8. What is the relationship between style and the choice of words, according to the
stylisticians?
欧式婚纱9. How many kinds of word meanings may be classified? And what are they?
10. What are the three basic components of the English vocabulary?
11. Functionally speaking, what are the four types of English ntences?
12. What are the conjunctions ud in combining English ntences?
13. What are the gestures may be ud in a casual conversation?
14. What are the three types of substitution? Can you give some examples?
如何取消超链接15. What is the relationship between dialect and register?
16. Name at least five kinds of figures of speech in English.
17. Can you give some examples of rhetorical questions?
18. What are the stylistic features of the Bible?
19. What are the five kinds of reference in the English language?
20. What are the three factors of register?
21. Give examples to illustrate power relationship and solidarity relationship.
22. What are the non-linguistic features of casual conversation?
23. What are the linguistic features of the language of news reporting?
24 .What are the linguistic features of the language of advertiment?
25. What is the relationship between literary language and ordinary language?
III. Stylistic analysis (20 points):
1. Explain the connotative meaning of the italicized words or expressions in the following
ntences (12 points; in test it may or may not appear; it contains 3 words or expressions):.
1) Don’t trust her; she is a snake in the grass.
2) The enemy will attack us tomorrow morning, but we are still not well prepared. The
Da mocles’ sword is hanging over us.
3) We have to consult him, you know, he is the real Titan in our class.
4) News from Pentagon today says …
5) She knows nothing about the cruelty of the world. She is a lily.
6) Hamlet, according to some psycho-analysis theory, is a character who has the
Oedipus complex.
7) He is a wolf in sheep’s clothing. Don’t believe what he says.
8) The doctor told him it is not cancer, however, it is only a white lie.
9) He is always ready to help people when they are in need. He’s a real Robin Hood.
10) Their policy is all sticks and no carrots.
11) 0China never stands on the side of Chauvinism.
12) Children are flowers of our country.
2. What possible social relationships exist between the participants in the following
ntences? (12 points; in test it may or may not appear)
1) Excu me, could you tell me the right time, plea?
2) What time is it, plea?
3) What’ the time?
3. Indicate what kind of figures of speech is ud in the following examples? (8 points; in
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test it may or may not appear; it contains 2 items)
The young hunter was as strong as a lion.
Life is but a brief candle.
from the cradle to the grave
Many hands make light work.
She’s as old as a mountain.
A victorious defeat
He is a fool. He never knows where his personal interest lies. His whole heart is concerned about the interest of other people.
Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.
The drunkard loves his bottle better than his wife.
My love is a red, red ro.
4. Try to analyze the following ntence and point out its stylistic value (12 points; it may
or may not appear in test; if it appears, it contains one ntence)
1) It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in posssion of a fortune
must be in want of a wife. (J. Austin. Pride and Prejudice)
2) I came, I saw, I conquered. (Julius Caesar)
3) O, my luve is like a red, red ro
That’s newly sprung in June;
O, my luve is like the melodie
That’s sweetly play’d in tune.
(Robert Burns, A Red, Red Ro)
4) A grief ago (Dylan Thomas)
5) “Don’t be such a harsh parent, father!”
“Don’t father me!”
(0099) 《英语文体学引论》复习思考题答案
I. Explain in brief the following terms (10 points; in test it contains 10 terms):
泣不成声的意思
1. stylistics: the study or the investigation of style.
喜字的剪法
2. style: the linguistic habit of a particular person(s) or characteristic of typical situations.
3. dialect: a subtype of language which may be determined by geographical locality or
particular social groupings.
4. morpheme: the smallest unit in a language that carries meaning.
我们骄傲5. phoneme: the smallest sound unit in a specific language capable of mantic distinction.
6. language: a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication.
7. register: language determined by situation.
8. acoustic phonetics: a branch of phonetics dealing with the physical properties of the
speech sounds of a language.
9. auditory phonetics: the study of how the sound of speech is received by the hearer.
10. syllable: a vowel sound either with or without a consonant or consonants in clusters.
11. general stylistics:the investigation of the linguistic features of all kinds of language u.
12. literary stylistics: the study of the linguistic features of literature in particular, such as
tho of poetry, novels and dramas.
13. form: the particular way of expressing the message.
14. content: the message or information or the communicative value that is encoded or
loaded in a linguistic expression.
15. phonological analysis: it is chiefly concerned about the sound patterns of a piece of
literature, especially tho of poetry.
16. lexical analysis: it is chiefly concerned about the internal structure and the stylistic
coloring and the mantic relationship of the words in the text.
17. syntactical analysis: it is chiefly concerned about how the words in a text are put
together to produce meaning and other kinds of message.国际标准iq测试题
18. discoursal analysis: it is concerned about how ntences are joined together to produce a
cohesive and coherent text.
19. paralinguistic features: the vocal effects caud by different shaping of the vocal cords
and openings
20. social dialect: it is determined by the social groupings that a person belongs to.
21. taboo: words forbidden to be ud in public becau of their being dirty or offensive
22. whispery voice: utterance without any vocal cord vibration at all. Emphasizing contrast.
23. breathy voice: utterance where there is too much breath for the needs of the articulation.
24. creaky voice: a slow crackle of vocal cord vibrations at a low pitch, like a stick being run
along a fence.
25. faltto: a switch of the voice from one vocal register to a higher one; usually found only
in males.
26. common core words: refer to tho words ud in everyday life.
27. technical words: refer to tho words ud in special professions.
28. standard words: words that are ud in the standard dialect.
29. non-standard words: words labeled as slangs, vulgarisms and colloquialisms in the
dictionary. the cultural and social implications of a word simile: a comparison between two things with emphasis on the similarity or likeness between them
30. spoken words: words that most often ud in face-to- face, casual and everyday
conversations.
31. literary words: words ud in formal writings or literature.
32. extension: a specific word comes to mean a general idea.
33. specialization: the change of the word meaning may move in the opposite direction, a
word with general reference is narrowed to a specific reference.
34. elevation: words of derogatory association become words of favorable association.
35. degradation: neutral words or words of favorable association degenerated into
derogatory words.
36. metaphor: a covert comparison
37. litotes: understatement
38. irony: a figure of speech that takes the form of saying or implying the opposite of what
one feels to be the ca
39. compound ntence: a ntence made up of two or more simple ntences, joined
together by conjunctions or punctuations
40. periodic ntence: one that is not grammatically complete until the end is reached
41. loo ntence: one that may be brought to a grammatical clo before the end is reached
42. elliptical ntence: one in which either the subject or the predicate or part of the
predicate is missing
43. inverted ntence: one in which the subject position is filled by other ntence elements
44. antithesis: a figure of speech in the formula of X conj. Y with a contrast between them
45. parallelism: a rhetorical device in which two or more than two similar syntactic
structures with different words are placed side by side
46. repetition: a rhetorical device in which identical words are ud but not necessarily in
identical position
47. deviation: violation of standard u of the language
48. cataphora: If the referred item comes after the referring item in a text, then it is a ca of
cataphora.
49. progressive conjunction: one ntence that joined by the u of conjunctive words of
addition or progression
50. field of discour: the topic under discussion or the nature of the activity in which
language is involved
II. Answer the following questions (50 points; in test it contains 5 questions):
1. What is the relationship between form and content?
One way of talking about style is to make a distinction between form and content.
Content is the message or information or the communicative value that is encoded or loaded in a linguistic expression. Form is the particular way of expressing the message.
The form is the style which may be different from ca to ca although the meaning may remain the same. For example, the Chine term 开始may be expresd in
