Unit 3 Getting along with others
教师党员转正申请书
由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句由关系词引导。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。
先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，who，as等。
最流行的广场舞
[观察例句]
1．Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside.
2．He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an.
3．Simon is the poor man who car has been stolen.
4．I like the way (that/in which) she smiles.
5．The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.
6．Then another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
7．The army organized teams to dig out tho who were trapped and to bury the dead.推广普通话宣传周
8．Workers built shelters for survivors who homes had been destroyed.
[归纳用法]
一、定语从句的先行词
先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面，我们从两个实例来
看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布：
[即学即练1] 找出下列句中的定语从句的先行词
①Is this the book which your father bought for you？the book
②Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？the man
③They rushed over to help the man who car had broken down.the man
④Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.Some people
二、关系代词的用法
1．that的用法
that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或状语时常可省略。
This is the book.I want to read it.
→This is the book (that)I want to read.
这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语)
[即学即练2] 使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什么成分
①This is the hou.Lu Xun once lived in the hou.
→This is the hou (that) Lu Xun once lived in．(that在定语从句中作宾语)
②Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He ud to be a lazy boy.
→Jack is no longer a lazy boy that he ud to be．(that在定语从句中作表语)
③The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom.
→The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom.(that在定语从句中作主语)
④I don't like the way.He looks at me in the way.
→I don't like the way (that) he looks at me水上森林．(that在定语从句中作状语)
2．which的用法
which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与that互换使用。
李白的爱情诗
The hous overlook the lake.They cost more.
→The hous which/that overlook the lake cost more.
俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。(which指代the hous，在定语从句中充当主语)
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.
②Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from the outside world.
3．who的用法
who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball.
→The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming.
正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当主语)
[即学即练4] 写出下面句子中who作什么成分
①Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly.宾语
②The boy who is standing there is my cousin.主语
4．whom的用法
whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。
This is the girl.I met the girl in the street.
→This is the girl whom I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语)
[即学即练5] 翻译句子
①大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。
The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
②杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。
Jack is no longer the person(that/who/whom)I met five years ago.
5．who的用法
who既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom the；指物时，相当于of which the。
I have read the book.I like its characters very much.
→I have read the book who/of which the characters I like very much.
我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(who指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语)
[即学即练6] 用定语从句合并句子
①This is the scientist.His achievements are well known.
→This is the scientist who achievements are well known．
②Don't stand clo to the hou.Its roof is under repair.
→Don't stand clo to the hou who roof is under repair．
6梦见摘黄瓜是什么意思．关系代词that与which的区别
情况 | 用that还是which |
先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰 | that |
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 | that |
先行词前有the very，the only等修饰 | that |
先行词既指人也指物 | that |
先行词前有疑问代词which时 | that |
there be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词 | that |
句中已经出现过that或which | 交替使用 |
先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语 | 猪肉炖 that |
关系代词前面有介词 | which |
关系代词后面带有插入语 | which |
| |
[即学即练7] 选词填空：which，that
①The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
②Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.
③This is the best way that is to be ud against pollution.
④Here is the English grammar book which，as I've told you，will help you improve your English.
⑤All the prents 争权夺利that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.
