号顿市安谧阳光实验学校高中英语单词轻松背-D字母什么汤补血(下)
devote vt. 投入于，献身
[特征]
- The student devoted his time to his study.
这个学生把他的时间用在学习上。
[备考必背]
①重要词组
devote onelf to 献身于…… devote one's life to doing将一生贡献给……
- He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。
②派生词：devotion n. 奉献，投入
- The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.
把过多的时间花在体育运动上就使花在学习上的时间太少了。
difficulty n. 困难，难点
[特征]
with difficulty 困难地，费尽地 in difficulty 处境困难
- This project is full of difficulties.
这个工程困难很多。
[贴心叮咛]
difficulty是difficult的名词形式。它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
[考点]
表示“在某方面有困难”可以用“difficulty+in+doing sth.（in可以省略）”，而不能用“difficulty+ to do sth.”形式。
（误）There was no difficulty to solve the problem.
（正）There was no difficulty (in) solving the problem.
解决这问题毫无困难。
direct vt. ①指路，指明方向 ②指导，指挥 ③导演（电影等） adj. 笔直的；直率的
[特征]
为什么会长癣
a direct road 一条直路
- Could you direct me to the railway station?
请问道火车站怎么走？
- Who is directing the workmen?
谁在指挥工人？
- Who directed the movie?
谁执导的这部影片？
- He gave the boss a direct answer.
他给了老板一个直接的答案。
[贴心叮咛]
direct的基本含义是“指明方向”，其他意思都是由此引申而来，请注意参考上面的例句。
[练习与解答]
- Once a decision has been made, all of us should it. [2004 湖北]
A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to
答案：B
（一旦做出了决定，我们大家都要遵守。本题考查动词词组的含义。direct to是“把……指向……”；stick to是“坚持”；lead to是“导致；通向”；refer to是“参考；提及”。）
disability n. ①无力，无能 ②残疾
[特征]
在英文中，在一些单词前面通常会加上前缀dis，表示和后面这个单词相反的含义。disability就是由前缀dis（表示否定）+ability（能力）构成。
- He has a disability pension from the government.
他领有一笔政府发的伤残抚恤金。
[备考必背] 辨析disability和inability
这两个词都有“缺乏能力”的意思。disability多指身体残疾而引起的“缺乏能力”；而inability单纯指“不能”。
- He was disabled in the war and his disability prevented him from holding any job.
他在战争中残废了，这使他无法找到任何工作。
- The new cretary is still unable to work alone and this inability may cau her to lo t
he job.
新来的秘书至今仍不能工作，这很可能使她失去这份工作。
disappear vi. 消失，不见
[特征]
- The boy disappeared in the dark.大区选择
这个男孩在黑暗中消失了。
[备考必背]
disappear是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
（误）The beast has disappeared for a long time.
（正）The beast disappeared a long time ago.
这只野兽消失很久了。
建筑工程论文
disappoint vt. 使失望
[特征]
- What you did disappointed me.
你的所作所为令我失望。
[备考必背]
①disappoint的过去分词disappointed可以当作形容词用，意思是“失望的”。disappointed, disappointing的用法和interested, interesting一样。disappointed是“失望的，失意的”；disappointing是“令人失望的，扫兴的”。
- I was disappointed that he had left.
我很失望他已经离开了。
- The weather was disappointing.
天气叫人不痛快。
②派生词：disappointmen n. 失望
- To their disappointment, the result was contrary to their expectation.
结果与预料恰好相反，这使他们感到失望。
discrimination n. 歧视
新春画[特征]
race discrimination 种族歧视
沙姜鸡爪x discrimination 性别歧视
- Discrimination against women is not allowed.
不允许歧视妇女。
[贴心叮咛]
discrimination特别指种族歧视或性别歧视等。
dia n. 疾病
[特征]
- It is a terrible dia.
这是一种可怕的疾病。
- The are the dias of society.
这些是社会弊端。
[贴心叮咛]
dia原指所患的“疾病”，也引申为社会“弊端”。
[备考必背] 辨析dia和illness
dia指具体某种疾病，是一个专业性词汇；illness指生病的状态，是由dia引起的。
an occupational dia职业病 a dia of the eyes 眼病
- He can't go to school becau of his illness.
他因为有病不能上学。
disturb vt. 打扰，扰乱，使不安
[特征]
- Don't disturb me while I'm reading.
当我看书时不要打扰我。
- The news that my brother was fired has disturbed me very much.
我哥哥被解雇的消息使我很不安。
[贴心叮咛]
disturb的意思是打断或破坏原有的安宁、安定的状态，也可指让别人的心绪不安宁。
[备考必背] 重要句型
be disturbed of/about ... 因……感到心神不安
be disturbed to e/hear ... 看到/听到……感到不安
- I was disturbed about the bad news.
对于这坏消息，我感到心神不安。
- I was disturbed to hear the bad news.
听到这坏消息我感到很不安。
以挫折为话题的作文dive vi. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 n. 跳水
[特征]
- Dare you dive from the high bridge?
你敢从这座高桥尚跳下去吗？
- What a beautiful dive!
多么优美的跳水呀！
[备考必背] 重要词组
女娲是蛇吗dive into 跳进 make a dive for 向……冲去
-
The soldier made a dive for the ditch.
这名战士向壕沟冲去。
divide v. 分开；分割
[特征]
- The teacher divided the students into four groups.
老师把学生分成了四个小组。
- Fifteen divided by three is five.
3 除15等于5。
[备考必背]
①重要词组
divide ... into ... 把……分成…… divide up 分配
- We divided up the money equally.
我们将钱分平了。
divide ... from ... 把……从……中分出来
-
We should divide the patients from the others.
我们应该对病人进行隔离。
②辨析divide和parate
两者都表示“分”。divide指将整体分成若干份；parate指把原来在一起的人或物分离开。
- Let's divide the cake into three.
让我们将蛋糕分成三份。
- We must find a way to parate oil from its mixture.
我们必须想个法子把油从它的混合物中分离出来。
③派生词：division n. 分开，分割
- This group division is unreasonable.
这样的分组不合理。
dot n. 点，圆点 vt.在……上打点
[特征]
a dotted line 一条虚线
-
I have a white shirt with blue dots.
我有一件带蓝点的白衬衫。
- On the map, towns were marked by red dots.
在地图上，城镇是用小红点标出的。
- The ship became a mere dot on the horizon.
船在远处的水平线上成了一个小点。
- Why didn't you dot I?
你为什么不在I上加点呢？
