名词性从句
从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。
名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句及同位语从句，因为从句的在这个句子中的功用相当于名词；
定语从句有称为形容词性从句，因为从句功能相当于形容词；
而状语从句则称为副词性从句，因为从句功能相当于副词 。
什么是名词性从句?
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。
宾语从句 ( The Object Clau)
表语从句 ( The Predicative Clau)
主语从句 ( The Subject Clau)
同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clau)
宾语从句
一、引导词：
主要有that，which， when英文新年祝福语， where， who(m), who， how， why，if ／whether 等
二、语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。
根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1)连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。
如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，plea？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
2幼儿园教室墙壁布置）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3山麦冬）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。
如：
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
用合适的连接词填空
1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Can you tell me ______ el is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
三、种类
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
满意的英文
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
口头表达能力 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprid, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, plead, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
建筑施工特种作业人员管理规定
注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。that不能省.
We heard it that she would get married next month.
We think it our duty that we should help others.
I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refu, let, like, cau, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accu, refu, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advi, congratulate等。例如：
He impresd the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impresd the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppo, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：我是女汉子
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.
I don’t think he will lie to me.
我认为他不会对我撒谎的.
I don’t think we should lend him money.
我认为我们不应该借钱给他.
I think he won’t come here. ( )
I don’t think he will come here. ( √ )
四、宾语从句的时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
标新立异I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
