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托福TPO45综合写作阅读原文文本：
立春的寓意 Did bees (a type of inct) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that remble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with veral arguments. No Fossils of Actual Bees First, no fossil remains of actual bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. The earliest prerved body of a bee is 100 million years old—only half as old as the fossilized structures discovered in Arizona. Abnce of Flowering Plants A cond reason to doubt that bees existed 200 million years ago is the abnce of flowering plants in that period. Today's bees feed almost exclusively on the flowers of flowering plants; in fact, bees and flowering plants have evolved a clo, mutually dependent biological relationship. Flowering plants, however, first appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. Given the bees’ clo association with flowering plants, it is unlikely bees could have existed before that time. Structures Lack Some Details Third, while the fossilized structures found in Arizona are somewhat similar to nest
246810chambers made by modern bees, they lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests. For example, chambers of modern bee nests are clod by caps that have a spiral pattern, but the fossilized chambers lack such caps. That suggests the fossilized structures were made by other incts, such as wood-boring beetles.
托福TPO45综合写作听力原文文本：
ProfessorIt's perfectly possible that the nests found inside the fossilized trees were made by bees 200 million years ago. The arguments ud by the skeptics are not convincing.
幸福在哪里作文>个人性格描述怎么写
First, it's true we have no fossil remains of actual bees that date to 200 million years ago, but maybe the reason for that is that bees could not be prerved as fossils at that time. Fossil bees have typically been prerved in fossilized tree resin, a sticky liquid produced by trees. However, trees with this type of resin were very rare 200 million years ago. Such trees became common much later. So the fact that we have no bee remains that are 200 million years old doesn't mean that bees did not exist at that time. Maybe bees existed, but since there were almost no trees producing the right kind of resin, the bees could not be prerved.
阿森一族 Second, while it's true that bees have a clo mutual relationship with flowering plants today, it's qui
八百媳妇国te possible that bees existed before flowering plants appeared on Earth. Tho very early bees might have been feeding on non-flowering plants that
preceded flowering plants during evolutionary history. The early bees could have fed on non- flowering plants such as ferns or pine trees. Later when flowering plants evolved, bees may have adapted to feeding on them! And this new relationship between bees and flowering plants may have remained stable ever since.
Third, even though the fossilized chambers lack spiral caps, there's chemical evidence that supports the theory that bees built the chambers. Modern bees protect their nest chambers against water by using a special waterproofing substance that has a distinctive chemical composition. When the fossilized chambers were chemically analyzed, it turned out that they contain the same kind of waterproofing material that's ud by modern bees.
托福TPO45综合写作满分范文：
仓库租赁合同
In the lecture, the professor casts doubt on the reading passage’s idea that the nests found inside the fossilized trees were not created by bees. The professor asrts that the arguments ud in the reading are not convincing. To begin with, according to the reading passage, no fossil remains of act
ual bees have been found that date to 200 million years ago. The professor argues that no bee remains that are 200 million years old doesn’t mean that bees didn’t exist at that time. He says maybe bees couldn’t be prerved as fossils at that time. Since there were almost no trees producing the right kind of resin, a sticky liquid produced by trees, the bees could not be prerved. On top of that, the reading passage states that flowering plants were in abnce 200 million years ago. On the contrary, the professor claims that it’s quite possible that bees existed before flowering plants appeared on Earth. The professor points out that early bees might have been feeding on non-flowering plants that preceded flowering plants during evolutionary history. Later when flowering plants evolved, bees may have adapted to feeding on them. And this new relationship between bees and flowering plants have remained stable ever since. Lastly, the professor rebuts the reading’s point that the fossilized structures lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests such as the chambers lacking caps by stating that there’s chemical evidence that supports the theory that bees built the chambers. The professor points out that when the fossilized chambers were chemically analyzed, it turned out that they contain the same kind of waterproofing material that’s ud by modern bees.
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