什么自得英美概况期末考题
Questions for the final examination (26items)
American Beginnings
1.What were the new and powerful social forces which led to the awakening of黄花鱼的制作方法
Europe and the discovery of America?’p34
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The first new force was the development of capitalism; the cond major force that brought about the modern development of Europe was the Renaissance, which marked a changing outlook on life; the third influential force was the Religious Reformation, a religious reform movement that started from Germany.
2.What was the unique American phenomenon? How did it come into being? Do
you think it still exists in today’s American society?
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The unique American phenomenon is that, on the one hand, the English and other Europeans went to North America for eking freedom. On the other hand, the very white people who were eking and fighting for their own freedom deprived black Africans of their freedom.
On July 30, 1619, the first meeting of an elected legislature, a reprentative asmbly, was held in Virginia. A month later, still in Virginia, a Dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes as rvants for a term of years to make a start toward the enslavement of Africans within what was to be the American republic.
T his phenomenon still exists in today’s American society, such as the racial discrimination.Until now, the black people still receive the unfair prejudice. However, the society in America is full of freedom, especially to the white people. They have a lot of rights in their life.
3.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?p37-38
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New England established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism. The Puritans believed that governments should enforce God's morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and other religious believers different from themlves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachutts. In 1635, he t up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the paration of church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.
4.In what way did the pattern of founding of Maryland influence American culture?
忧郁的英文
In 1649, the Maryland Toleration Act, which assured freedom of worship to all who believed in Jesus Christ, was pasd. Becau the Protestant majority were capitalistic-minded people and refud to carry out the feudal plan, and becau the wilderness of North America provided plenty of land while labor was scarce, Maryland like other colonie
s in North America, followed a capitalist development road, that is to say, America was on a capitalist road.
The Political System
1.What is a federal system? P52
A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights rerved to each. The Constitution specified
exactly what power the central government had and which power was rerved for the states.
2.How did the delegates from the early British colonies design the constitution?
In the cour of the Convention, the delegates designed a new form of governme nt for the United States.
The plan for the government was written in very simple language in document call ed the 车上的lock是什么意思
农村劳动力Constitution of the United States.
The Constitution t up a federal system with a strong central government.
In writing the constitution ,the delegates deal with two fears shared by most A mericans.
3.What were the two main fears shared by Americans while writing the constitution
and how did they deal with them?p52-53
One fear was that one person or group, including the majority, might become too powerful or be able to ize control the country and create a tyranny. To guard agai nst this possibility, the delegates t up a government consisting of three parts, or branches, the executive, the legislative and the judicial. Each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by another branch.
Another fear was that the new central government might weaken or take away the power of the state government to run their own affairs. To deal with this the Consti tution specifie
d exactly what power the central government had and which power wa s rerved for the state. The state governments were allowed to run their own governments as they wished, provided that their governments were republicans. 4.What is the Executive Branch?P54
The chief executive of the United State is the president, who, together with th e vice president, is elected to a four-year term. Under a Constitutional Amendment pasd in 1951, a president can be elected to only two terms. Except for the right o f succession to the presidency, the vice president’s only constitution duties are to s erve as the presiding officer of the Senate; the vice president may vote in the Sena te only in the event of a tie.
