《词汇学》名词解释总汇别董大其一
1.Conversion（转换） is a word-formation whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another without the addition of an affix. It is also called zero derivation.
2.Neologisms（新词用法） are newly coined words or words that are given new meaning to fit new situation becau of social, economic, political, cultural, scientific and technological changes in human society.
3. Lexicology （词汇学）is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, structure, formation, meaning and usage.
4.the elevation of meaning （词义的升格）refers to the process by which words ri from humble
beginnings to positions of importance.
5.Acronyms（首字母拼音词）words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as
words. They differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as quences 厨房水池
of letters.
6.Hyponymy (上下义关系)deals with the relationship of mantic inclusion. It refers to the relationship which obtains between the genus (general lexical item)and the species(specific lexical items).
7.Analogy（类比）is a process by which words or phras are created or re-formed according to the existing patterns in the language.
8.Motivation（理据）deals with the connection between name (word-symbol) and its n (meaning). It is the relationship between the word structure and its meaning.
9.Metaphor（隐喻）is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison. It is a simile without like or as.
10.Antonymy (反义关系)is concerned with mantic opposition. It can be defined as words
which are opposite in meaning.
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11.Suffix（后缀）: an affix attached to the end of a ba (root or stem)
12. synecdoche（提喻） means using a part for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing, or vice versa, the whole for a part.
13. prefix（前缀）: an affix attached to the beginning of a ba (root or stem)
14. initialism（首字母连写词）: a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phra; it is pronounced letter by letter.
15.morpheme(词素): the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not dividable or
漂浮的反义词
analyzable into smaller forms.
16.the degradation of meaning（词义的降格）: is the opposite of mantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be ud in derogatory n.
手机sn码怎么查17.Derivational affixes (派生词缀)Affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. They can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes。
18. back-formation（逆成法）: is a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a suppod suffix. It is also known as a rever derivation.
19. derivation（派生）: the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words.
20. compounding（复合）:衣柜用英语怎么说 the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function
independently.
21.Affixation（词缀） is a method of word-formation by which new words are created by adding affixes to roots. It is subdivided into prefixation and suffixation.
22. clipped words（剪切词）: tho created by clipping part of the word (usually a noun), leaving only a piece of the old word. 柿子的功效
23. Blending（拼缀法）is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining parts of two words.
24. Metonymy（借代） is the device in which we name something by one of its attributes. The substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is cloly associated.
25.The Expansion of Meaning（词义的扩大）: It is also called widening of meaning or generalization. It’s a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.
26.The narrowing of meaning （词义的缩小）：also called specialization, is the opposi
pair的用法te of widening meaning. It is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized n.
27. Simile(明喻)is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements, having at least one point of remblance in appearance,quality,action or effect.
28. Euphemism（委婉词）: The substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one that may be offensive, disagreeable, harsh, or blunt.
29. Free morphemes (自由词素)：Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. They have complete meanings in themlves and can be ud as free grammatical units in ntences.
