2021-2022学年上海市闵行区高三（上）质量调研英语试卷
1.The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal （处置）山由 from the state to the companies that make it.
The legislation （法律条文） requires waste producers to pay into the system （1）______or through their suppliers.That is （2）______ the government called a Polluter Pays Principle.Simply（3）______（ state），the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters,not by government or society.Business will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect.This is similar to the anti-waste legislation pasd in France in February 2020（4）______ forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing,cosmetics,and electrical products.Companies will have to reu or recycle the items.
The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK（5）______（ take） has been increasing according to Positive News.And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes.This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands.In the past year alone,sales of consumer goods from brands with a dem
onstrated commitment to sustainability have grown more than 4% globally, （6）______tho without grew less than 1%.
What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters.That could be （7）______（ good）invested in things like social care or parks or libraries.Other countries have already made great progress in reducing waste.So far,Sweden's anti-waste program is so efficient that the whole country is running out of trash.The（8）______（ recycle） rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste.
In many countries,kitchen and gardening waste makes up of the biggest part of waste.This type of waste,（9苏老泉）______ collected parately,can be turned into an energy source or fertilizer.满城
（ 10）______ the differences in policies and regulations,one thing is clear：governments are sharing a common concept that the prevention of environmental damage should be bad on concrete principles and solid actions.
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A.cialized C.demand D.unproductive E.sampled F.protected G.ansport J.sumption |
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Eco-friendly,lab-grown coffee is on the way Heiko Rischer isn't quite sure how to describe the taste of lab-grown coffee.This summer he (1) one of the first batches （批）红色影片有哪些 in the world produced from cell cultures （细胞培养） rather than coffee beans.
"To describe it is difficult but,for me,it was in between a coffee and a black tea," said Rischer,head of plant biotechnology at the VTT Technical Rearch Centre of Finland,which developed the coffee. "It depends really on the roasting (2) ，and this was a bit of a lighter roast,so it had a little bit more of a tea-like feeling."
结婚People have to wait before they can taste the coffee,as this cellular agriculture innovation is not yet approved for public (3) .Rischer predicts that VTT's lab-grown coffee could get approval from the governments in Europe and the US in about four years' time,paving the way for a (4) product that could have a much lower climate impact than conventional coffee.
The coffee industry is both a (5) to the climate crisis and very vulnerable （脆弱的） to its effects.Rising (6) 公交车上干for coffee has been linked to deforestation （砍伐森林） in developing
nations,damaging biodiversity and releasing carbon emissions.At the same time,coffee producers are struggling with the impacts of more extreme weather,from frosts to droughts.It's estimated that half of the land ud to grow coffee could be (7) by 2050 due to the climate crisis.
In respon to the industry's challenges,companies and scientists are trying to develop and commercialize coffee made without coffee beans.
VTT's coffee is grown by floating cell cultures in bioreactors （生物反应堆） filled with a nutrient.The (8) requires no pesticides and has a much lower water footprint,said Rischer,and becau the coffee can be produced in local markets,it cuts (9) emissions.
The company is working on a life cycle analysis of the process. "Once we have tho figures,we will be able to show that the environmental impact will be much lower than what we have with traditional (10) ，" Rischer said.
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Trying to make a big decision while you're also preparing for a scary prentation？You might want to(3)doing that.Most people prefer to have sufficient time to analyze a situatio
n and consider the(4)屏幕刷新率.Feeling stresd changes how people(5)risk and reward.A new article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science reviews how,under stress,people pay more attention to the(6)of a possible outcome.Pressure can result in(7)attention and the u of unconscious reasoning.It can force a decision-maker to sort the relevant factors from the irrelevant,and can(8)clear thinking with specific priorities.
It's a bit(9) that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right,says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. "This is sort of not what people would think," Mather says, "Stress is usually associated with disagreeable experiences,so you'd think that maybe I'm going to be more focud on the(10)outcomes." But rearchers have found that when people are under stress - by being told to hold their hand in ice water for a few minutes,for example,or give a speech - they start paying more attention to positive information and(11)negative information. "Stress ems to worn their learning from negative feedback," Mather says.This means when people under stress are making a difficult decision,they may pay more attention to the upsides of the alternatives they're considering and less to the downsides.So someone who's deciding whether to take a ne
w job and is feeling stresd by the(12)might weigh the increa in salary more heavily than the wor commute（通勤）.
