南太平洋是一片广阔的海洋原野
The South Pacific is a vast ocean wilderness.
它的水域充满生命...
Its waters are teeming
..也就是珊瑚礁吸引的生物多样性...
..from tropical coral reefs that attract the
大多数生物生活在稍冷的水域里
..to the cooler, temperate waters that attract the great numbers.
这是为什么世界上最大的捕食所
So why is it that in the midst of all this richness
也需要努力才能
the world's largest predators can struggle
在这片无尽的深蓝中生存?
To survive dless blue?
在南太平洋中带来的求生故事
Nothing brings home the challenges of surviving
in the South Pacific better
没有比白鲸记更好的
than the epic true story that inspired Moby Dick.
1821年2月23日，人们发现一艘救生艇
On 23rd February 1821, a lifeboat was found drifting
在东太平洋随波逐流
in the eastern Pacific.梦园
[吱吱咯咯的声音]
CREAKING
在上面有两个美国的捕鲸人,
In it lay two American whalemen,
奄奄一息.
Barely alive.
[虚弱的咳嗽声]
FEEBLE COUGHING
他们的船被一只巨大的抹香鲸击沉
Their whale ship had been sunk by an enormous sperm whale.
经过三个月的挣扎
For a staggering three months, the shipwrecked mariners had sailed
这些捕鲸人穿过了4，500英里 这或许是地球上最荒凉的区域
across 4,500 miles of what may be the loneliest region on Earth.
对这些水手而言，南太平洋 已经是一个炼狱
For the sailors, the South Pacific had become a living hell.
什么让他们活着成为一个如此大的挑战？
So what is it about this ocean that makes survival here such a challenge?
在所有的大洋之中， 太平洋是已知最大的
Of all the oceans, the Pacific is by far the largest,
占了地球三分之一的表面积.
Stretching almost a third of the way round the globe.
它是如此的广阔以至于南太平洋的
It's so huge that the current in the South Pacific
洋流几年才能环绕它一周
takes veral years to complete just one cycle.
[声呐敲击声]
SONAR-TYPE PINGING
[快速的咔嗒声]
FAST CLICKING
在一个如此广阔的大洋里
In an ocean this vast,
许多动物不得不长途跋涉以生存
many animals have to travel huge distances to survive.
没有什么比抹香鲸,
None more so than the sperm whale,
在地球上最伟大的旅行家之一游得更远
one of the greatest voyagers on the planet.
每年，数以千计的公抹香鲸
Every year, thousands of bull sperm whales,
有些是从南极洲，来到这里繁殖栩栩如生
some from as far as Antarctica, come to the tropics to breed.
CLICKING
CLICKING
那里寒冷的水域哺育他们15年
After 15 years away, fattening themlves up in colder climes,
他们现在足够强壮去争取配偶
they are now back and big enough to compete for a mate.
这里温暖的海水是理想的育儿地
The wa
rm, equatorial waters make ideal nurries.
仅仅一周，这些刚出生的 小鲸已经重达一吨
At just a week old, this white calf already weighs over a tonne.
在以后的六年它会呆在它妈妈身边
For the next six years he will stay by his mother's side,
在这片广阔的海洋中嬉戏，而虎鲸
relaxing in the tropical waters where killer whales,
他们唯一的天敌，很少出现在这里
his only natural predator, are rarely found.
但是也是在这片广阔平静的大洋
But it was in the peaceful stretches of ocean
200年前
that, 200 years ago,
鲸鱼遇到了捕鲸人
whales met whalemen.
在19世纪，鲸油
In the 19th century, oil from the whales' massive heads
非常值钱
could make great fortunes.
捕鲸人首先将目标锁定幼鲸
Whalemen targeted the calves first,
知道其它的鲸鱼会过来救援
knowing the rest of the pod would soon come to
然后进入鱼叉的射程内
and into the range of the harpoons.
但是只有一艘船时，鲸鱼会复仇
But for one ship, the whales got their revenge.
没有任何征兆，巨大的力量 集中了87英尺长的Esx
Without warning, a huge bull rammed the hull of the 87-foot Esx.
CRASHING
CRASHING
几天内，破损的船沉入深海
Within days, the broken ship was lost to the deep.
他们的船沉没了,
With their ship gone,
21位生还者记载3条划艇上
the 21 survivors squeezed into three whaleboats,
也就是他们的救生艇.
Which now became their lifeboats.
这些人抢出能用的东西,
The men salvaged what they could,
但是对于面前的困境这些装备不堪一击
but they were woefully ill-equipped for the trials that lay ahead.
Esx号幸存者处于未知的水域
The survivors of the Esx were in virtually unexplored waters,反应能力
他们在在南美洲西部2000公里的赤道上
2,000 miles west of South America on the equator,
几乎是离所有的陆地最远的地方
almost as far from land as it's possible to be.
他们将会发现
They were about to find out
在南太平洋生存是多么的困难
just how challenging survival in the South Pacific can be.
受季风影响他们不能向东直行
Unable to sail directly east becau of the prevailing winds,
他们被迫向南进入南太平洋
they were forced south and into the area of the South Pacific
从那时起人们知道了那里是 片荒凉的水域.
Known then as the Desolate Region.
一片巨大的，没有海图的和 澳洲大陆一样大的海域
A vast, uncharted, windless ocean the size of Australia.
这片美丽的蓝色水域是世界上最纯净的
The beautiful blue waters are the clearest in the world.
但其实是片水中的荒漠
But they are a watery dert,
清澈的蓝色是因为这里 几乎没有浮游生物
clear and blue becau there is so little plankton,
所有海洋食物链的关键.
The key to all marine food chains.
浮游生物需要养分， 但几
乎所有的养分都在深海
Plankton need nutrients, but most nutrients are locked in the deep,
几乎不可能接温跃层（海水温度突变曾）
denied access to the surface by a layer of water called the thermocline,
也就是200米深度.
Around 200 metres down.
也有极少数的生命在表层的庇护下存在
The little life that does exist at the surface eks shelter,
尽管那里是没有营养的表层
no matter how superficial it may be.
整个生态系统建立在漂浮物上
In time, whole communities build on the flotsam.
Barnacle larvae（寄生虫） 随着
Barnacle larvae ttle,
捕食者安家
along with miniature predators.
襞鱼科.
Frogfish.
在一片漂浮的绳子上,
On just a piece of drifting rope,
微小的生物会度过他们的一生.
Tiny creatures may spend their entire lives.
三个星期后，船难的生还者
Three weeks on, the shipwreck survivors
处于这片未知海域的中心地带
were in the heart of the Desolate Region,
并且深感绝望.
And in deep despair.
在航海日志中，一位船员写到
In the boat's log, one of the survivors wrote,
致命的口渴
"The violence of raving thirst
随时可以致人与死地
"has no parallel in the catalogue of human calamities."
他们几乎用光定额
They had almost run out of rations,
然而尽管是经验丰富的水手
and despite being experienced sailors,
蒜香烤鱼的做法
也没有办法捉到一条鱼
failed to catch a single fish.
但是那太平洋也有富足
But there are pockets of richness in the South Pacific.
其中一项对Esx的船员是熟知的
One was well known to the crew of the Esx
也是他们能得到的，就是季风
and would have been in their reach, but for the prevailing winds.
在距离南美海岸700英里的地方
Lying over 700 miles off the coast of South America
是加拉帕克斯群岛风信子的养殖方法
are the Galapagos Islands.
与广阔的海洋不同， 洋流环绕这里大约100个岛屿
Unlike the open ocean, the as surrounding the 100 or so islands
充满生命
are bursting with life,
还有很多令人惊奇的发现
with many creatures you wouldn't expect to find
像这些海狮
in tropical as, like the a lions.
尽管在赤道附近
Despite sitting on the equator,
加拉帕克斯群岛周围的海水是凉的
the waters around the Galapagos are cooled
因为从南极过来的寒流
by currents flowing all the way from Antarctica.
也正是因为如此这里拥有
It is this that allows the Galapagos to be home
世界上唯一的热带企鹅
to the world's only tropical penguin.
热带鱼类夜也生活在这里
Tropical fish live here, too.
多谢寒流带来的营养物质,
Thanks to the nutrients carried by the cool current,
这里才有如此繁茂的生命
there is an abundance of life.
不像开阔的海洋
Unlike the open ocean,
这里富含浮游生物，养育的大量的鱼类.
The water here is rich in plankton, feeding huge shoals
甚至巨大的manta也来了
..and even giant manta rays.
每一头海狮每天需要6公斤的鱼
Each a lion needs over 6kg of fish a day.
有这样的鱼群，应该不是太难
With shoals this size, it shouldn't be too difficult.
但是从鱼群中锁定一条却很难
But it's not easy picking one fish out of the crowd.
鱼也知道在鱼群里是安全的， 因此对海狮来说
The fish know there's safety in numbers, so for the a lions
计策就是将鱼群分成越来越小的部分
the trick is to snip the shoal into smaller and smaller balls.
终于，一条鱼从里面分离出来， 这是海狮期待已久的
Finally, a fish breaks for cover. It's what the a lions have been waiting for.
暗礁的裂缝似乎是它的庇护所
网络新词
Crevices in the reef might em to offer shelter.
但对海狮来说没有问题
But that's no problem for the a lions,
他能轻松将它从裂缝惊吓出来
who simply scare them out with bubbles.
海狮不攻击后，鱼群重组
With the a lions distracted, the fish regroup
然后追逐再次开始
and the cha starts all over again.
加拉帕克斯的富饶
The riches of the Galapagos
对Esx号幸存者来说是仅存在想像中的
were something the survivors of the Esx could only fantasi about.
一个月的严酷考验， 而且还在未知区域漂流
One month into their ordeal, and still adrift in the Desolate Region,
他们逐渐饿坏了
they were slowly starving.
水手们不知道的是无尽 的海洋还隐藏这秘密
What the sailors didn't know was that the endless blue hides a cret.
晚上，大片看似空旷的海洋变化了
At dusk, huge areas of otherwi empty ocean are transformed.
乌贼从深海游上来寻找食物
Squid shoot up from the depths to feed near the surface.
吃惊的是，海里面乌贼要比鱼多
Surprisingly, there are more squid in the ocean
他们占了地球上海洋生物的大部分
..and they take part in the greatest migration of animals on the Earth.
每天晚上，深海生物
Every night, a world of creatures
从海底游上来尽是浮游生物
ri up from the depths to dine on the small amounts of surface plankton.
深海生物是我们星球 生长相最奇怪的生物
They are among the strangest-looking life forms on our planet.
在这个漆黑的世界，有些是透明的
In this dark world, some are e-through,
也许是为了伪装
perhaps for camouflage.李恩珠电影
有些创造光线去交流活着猎物
Some create their own light to communicate or lure in their prey.
其他来自不同的联盟
Others form inexplicable alliances.
这只幼小的拖鞋龙虾
This young slipper lobster
可能用这个作为浮力帮助.
May be using this jelly as a buoyancy aid.
一些大海的流浪汉或许能提供帮助
Some of the ocean vagrants may offer protection,
像这个位虾做的
like this pyrosome is doing for the shrimp.
在世界上
最深的海洋
In the world's deepest ocean,
平均深度超过2.5英里
averaging over two-and-a-half miles deep,
新的物种正不断被发现
new species are constantly being discovered.
像这种海马，从来没有被拍摄到
Like this ahor, never filmed before.
黎明时，这些微小生物
At dawn, the little-known creatures
七年级上册作文
撤退到深海以求安全
retreat into the safety of the abyss.
CLICKING
CLICKING
但是有些掠食者能随着他们下潜
But there are some predators that can follow them down.
短鳍鲸是出色的深海潜水者.
Short-finned pilot whales are accomplished deep-a divers.
离开无营养的表层
Leaving the barren upper layers behind,
他们能潜下半英里深
they can swim over half a mile down
而且用他们的声纳追踪乌贼.
And u their sonar to track the huge shoals of squid.
[咔嗒声]
CLICKING
但是他们也被追踪
But they too are being tracked.
FAST CLICKING
FAST CLICKING
海洋中三米长的whitetip鲨鱼
Oceanic whitetip sharks, three metres long,
视大海为温暖的家
and completely at home in the open ocean.
他们不能潜到足够深的地方捕食乌贼
They may not be able to dive deep enough to catch the
但这不能阻止他们为食物游荡
..but that won't stop them hanging around for scraps.
或许在追踪抹香鲸幼仔
Or maybe they're sizing up the calf.
这一只，被成年鲸鱼看护的很好
This one, however, is well guarded
by the bulls.
CLICKING
CLICKING
但是在无尽的海洋里， 发现一餐的机会如此的低
But in the endless blue, where the odds of finding a meal are so low,
以至于最不可能的机会也值得一试
even the slimmest opportunity is worth a try.
或许这就是为什么人们认为
Perhaps this is why the oceanic whitetip
白鳍鲨对遇难水手遭的攻击
is thought to be responsible
比太平洋里其他鲨鱼更多
for more attacks on shipwrecked sailors
比太平洋里其他鲨鱼更多
than any other shark in the Pacific.
Esx 号的生还者人有鲨鱼摆布
The survivors of the Esx were at the mercy of sharks.
就和一个水手写的
As one sailor wrote,
我们的努力起初是将他们当做猎物,
"Our utmost efforts, which were at first directed to kill him for prey,
到最后变成了自卫
"became, in the end, lf-defence."
现在，更多的，他们需要陆地
Now, more than ever, they needed the salvation of land.
SQUAWKING
SQUAWKING
海鸟通常是看到陆地的希望
Seabirds would have been a ray of hope.
然而热带的鸟能连续在海上飞一个月
While tropic birds can survive at a for months on end,
其他的，像军舰鸟，每天晚上会栖息地
others, like frigate birds, return to roost every night,
会是陆地的信号
so are a sure sign of nearby land.
有太阳，星辰和地磁场的指引,
Guided by the sun, stars and the Earth's magnetic field,
海鸟能穿越数千英
