美国文学选读 第三版 课后习题答案 陶洁(能美白的中药部分)
Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin
Questions
1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?
Franklin says that becau his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it
2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?
His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.
3.How did he arrive in Philadelphia?
First he t out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday
morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.
4.What features do you find in the style of the above lection?
It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).
Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe
Questions
1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?
Montresor.
Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.
2.What is the pretext he us to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?
He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine.
Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.
3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?
He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.
4.Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts?
Poe us color imagery to characterize them. Montresor face is covered in a black silk mask, In contrast, Fortunato dress the motley-colored costume of the court fool, who gets literally and tragically fooled by Montresor's masked motives.
The color schemes here reprent the irony of Fortunato's death ntence.
Through the acts, words, and thoughts of Fortunato,we know He is greedy, he was lured into the dark and somber vaults just becau a cask of Amontillado.
This is also due to his bad habit of bibulosity(酗酒）. He lost himlf on hearing the wine.
At the same time, he was cheated by his enemy, which reflected his ignorance.
When he heard the pretended compliment from Montresor, he became very boastful and arrogant.
He was easily confud by the superficial phenomena and failed to watch out for others. He couldn’t tolerate that others were stronger than him.
For example, Montresor always stimulated him with Luchresi who was good at connoisur（鉴赏） in wine.
Under the impul of vanity, he fell into Montresor’s terrible trap.
In fact, he was careless and foolish and didn’t find that the danger was approaching him.
He looked down upon Montresor and others.
捐赠的英文He didn’t realize his foolishness until the death was coming.
Talking from the appearance, Monstresor was a well-educated and “kind” businessman.
He enjoyed the honor and respect in the city. But in fact, he was an evil and awful person.
反应慢怎么办His inner feelings were so cruel that they even made people tremble.
Under his rich appearance was the dirty soul and despicable character.
We couldn’t e any glorious virtues in his mind. Instead, his heart was cold and dark.
It was the revenge that threw Montresor into the deep evil valley.
unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne
Questions :1.Why is the prison the tting of Chapter 1 ?
No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable.
This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners becau of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to reprent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized life
What is the implication of the description of the ros?
The robush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities.
The narrator suggests that ros offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he says, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or el some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.
2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her.
The cond paragraph on page 30.
The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining vere looks
of disapproval.
Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light ntence for her crime if they had been the judges.
One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate death for Hester.
3.What has happened to Hester?
As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who nt her ahead to America to live.
While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl.
The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her crecy.
Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate?锲而舍之朽木不折锲而不舍金石可镂
It ems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin.
In reality, however, Hester simply accepts the “sin” and its symbol as part of herlf, just as she accepts her child.
And although she can hardly believe her prent “realities,” she takes them as they are ra
ther than resisting them or trying to atone for them.
How does this tell us about her character?
Throughout The Scarlet Letter Hester is portrayed as an intelligent, capable. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.
Unit5 Herman Melville
Questions
1.What are the stories Ismael tells about Moby Dick?
Ishmael compares the legend of Moby Dick to his experience of the whale.
He notes that sperm whale attacks have incread recently and that superstitious sailors have come to regard the attacks as having an intelligent, even supernatural origin.
In particular, wild rumors about Moby Dick circulate among whalemen, suggesting that he can be in more than one place at the same time and that he is immortal. Ishmael remarks that even the wildest of rumors usually contains some truth.
Whales, for instance, have been known to travel with remarkable speed from the Atlantic
to the Pacific; thus, it is possible for a whale to be caught in the Pacific with the harpoons of a Greenland ship in it.
Moby Dick, who has defied capture numerous times, exhibits an “intelligent malignity”北海道小樽（狠毒） in his attacks on men
2.Why does Ahab react so violently against the white whale?
First, he lost one of his legs becau of the white whale.
Second,He considers Moby Dick the embodiment of evil in the world, and he pursues the White Whale，becau he believes it his inescapable fate to destroy this evil.
Ishmael suggests that Ahab is “crazy”and call him “a raving lunatic.” Do you agree with him? Why or why not?
Ishmael describes Ahab as mad in his narration, and it does indeed em mad to try to fight the forces of nature or God.
3.What narrative features can you find in the lected chapter?
In the lected charpter, Melville employed the technique of multiple view of his narrative
to portray Moby Dick to achieve the effect of ambiguity and let readers judge the meaning.
家常鱼香茄子Unit 7 19th Century American Poets
1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
梦见浇地是什么意思 (1) I Shot an Arrow…
1. Why did the speaker lo sight of his arrow and song?
The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be en by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.
2. In what circumstances did he find them again?
He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.
3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?
The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.
(2) A Psalm of Life
1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?
The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.
不堪设想的意思
2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?
