主谓一致讲解及练习干烧伊面
高一英语M3语法——主谓一致
英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致,这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致
1、either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something,
everything, everybody, everyone, no one, nothing, nobody 做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
Neither of the two ntences is correct. Everything around us is matter.
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(注意:none, neither, all, any作主语时,谓语可用单数,也可用复数,具体取决于说话人的意思。) None of them owns/own a car. Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.
All are here. And all that can be done has been done.
2、书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years is not a long time. Three miles is too much for him.
3、主语由many a, more than one修饰时,其后的谓语动词也遵循语法一致原则,即谓语用单数
Many a boy likes playing football. More than one student takes a walk on campus after dinner.
4、trours/pats, shoes, glass, chopsticks筷子, scissors剪刀,compass, socks, stocks等, 用复数形式, 代
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词用复数, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
Your trours are dirty, so you must have them washed.
The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。Two pairs of shoes are worn out.
5、某些组织,国名,后虽有-s,但仍作单数使用。
The united states is a developed country.
The United Nations is an important international organization.
6、某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news等,谓语动词应用单数。
Physics is a very interesting subject.
7、如果主语带有with, along with/together with, as well as/in addition to/besides, like, without, except, but,
including, rather than (而非)等介词或连接词, 谓语看前面的主语。例如:The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.
Mary, like many girls, loves dancing. No one except/but me knows about it.
All the students, including Tom, leaving. I rather than you am right.(be)
8、从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。
To say something is one thing , to do it is another .(to say something , to do 是不定式)
“How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .(How do you do ?是句子,作主语)
(注意:what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)
What we need is more time, while what they need are more doctors and medicines.
9、one and a half 后面带名词的复数,谓语动词常用单数。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
10、名词由and 或both …and 连接主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式。但是①由and 连接的并列主语如
果是指同一个人或物;②主语前有each, every,no或many a 修饰时;③常作为不可分割的一个整体时,谓语用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chine dictionary.
No sound and no voice is heard for a long time.
11、people , public , police , cattle 做主语时,谓语动词习惯上使用复数。
The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.
二、意义一致原则
所谓意义一致原则是指谓语取决于主语的实际意义。
A)主语形式上是单数, 意义上却是复数B)主语在形式上是复数, 意义上却是单数。
描写思念家乡的诗句1、不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语, 谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All that should be done has been done
None of the students are/is there. 没有学生在那里。
2、the +形容词,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数; 若指单数,则用单数谓语动词。
The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it.
The true is to be distinguished from the fal. 真实应与假相区别。(the true / the fal表单数概念)
3、某些名词如people, police, clothes ,goods ,remains, congratulations等是复数概念, 谓语用复数。People
也指“民族”是例外。
The police are arching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.无线耳麦
Half of his goods were sold out. The Chine is a brave and hard-working people.
4、单复数相同的名词如: means(方法,手段, 工具), works工程,工事(复数),作品(复数), 工厂(单复同), deer, fish, sheep, Chine, Japane等。
Not every means is uful.不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means are uful.不是所有的方法都使。
This steal works was founded in 1773. Many of his works have been published.
5、定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致,但one of +复数名词+who/ that / which 引导的定语从句的
玉米面发糕怎么做谓语动词的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修饰语,有为单数,无为复数。
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象征和比喻的区别This is one of the best books that have appeared this year.
She is the only one of tho women who doesn’t know a thing about knitting(编织) .
6、Such, the following 作主语,谓语的单复数由后面的表语决定。
Such are the facts. Such was Albert Einstein.
The following are facts. The following is my proof.
7、some of ; plenty of ; a lot of ; most of ; the rest of ; all(of ) ; half (of );分数或百分之+of +名词做主语时,
以名词的单复数为准。
A lot of students are waiting outside .And lots of the time has been wasted.
More than 70% of the eart h’s surface is covered by water.
三、就近原则
1、在or , either …or …, n either…nor … ,not only… but also… , not …but… , there be 等结构中,采取就近原则,即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。
Either the teacher or the students are to blame.
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
2、注意倒装结构后的主谓语。由Here, There引导的句子,谓语和靠近它的前面的名词或代词一致。