黎川方言亲属称谓研究
摘要:黎川地处赣西南～其亲属称谓具有浓郁的地方特色。方言中大多数的称谓其面称与背称相异～且存在大量的特征词。而社会的演变使方言亲属称谓也产生了共变～呈现出一些新的特征。
蓝莓功效亲属称谓是具有血统婚姻连锁关系的亲属之间的称谓。它可分为血亲和姻亲。血亲是指与自己有血缘关系的亲属关系～它又分为宗亲和外亲。宗亲是指同祖同宗～又分为直系宗亲和旁系宗亲,外亲是指女系(包括祖母、外祖母、母、姑、姨～姐妹、女儿、侄女、孙女等)血统的亲属。姻亲是指原本无血缘由婚姻而结成的亲属关系。中国自古为礼仪之邦～历来对亲属称谓问题极为重视。而中国古代又是宗法制社会～所以很注意分辨亲属关系的亲疏远近～因此形成了独特、丰富的亲属称谓语。但由于各地方言不同～因此亲属称谓语也不尽相同。黎川方言作为汉语言的方言之一～其亲属称谓语就具有浓郁的地方特色。
亭下湖
一、 黎川方言亲属称谓的特点
汉语亲属称谓中～性别、辈份、系属和姓氏的差异是区分亲属差别的基础。因此汉语亲属称如何酿造葡萄酒
谓的构成具有重秩序、重亲情、重礼仪、分亲疏、别内外等特点。黎川方言亲属称谓除了具有这些特点外～还具有以下几个特点:
第一～为了分辨亲属关系的亲疏远近～对于一些非直系亲属～称呼时常常在称谓前加上名字。这种亲属关系的区别主要体现在:
(1)直系与非直系的区别。如对自己的哥哥和姐姐直接用亲属称谓称呼,而对堂(表)哥、堂(表)姐则分别用“名 + 哥”和“名 +姐”来称呼。
年糕的做法(2)近亲与远亲的区别。如对自己的伯父、叔叔和舅舅用亲属称谓称呼,而对堂(表)伯 (表)叔和堂(表)舅则在称谓加上名字～称为“某某伯”‘‘某某叔”和“某某舅”。
(3)血亲与姻亲的区别。如在称呼堂(表)姑、堂(表)姨时～直接在称谓前加上她们 自己的名字,而在称呼堂(表)嫂、堂(表)伯母、堂(表)婶母和堂(表)舅母时～则在称谓前加上
她们丈夫的名字。这也是轻视女性的一种表现。
culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, jo
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don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei propod to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new ... ... Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the mass to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, u the same, and u" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds ... Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increa over the previous year ... and ... respectively. In this r
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第二～有些亲属称谓与实际亲属关系不一致～如把侄子和侄女分别称为“孙子”和“孙女”～这种称谓拉大了说话人与被称呼人之间的辈份。而把外孙和外孙女分别称为“外甥”和“外甥女”～这种称谓则缩小了说话人与被称呼人之间的辈份。再比如“嫂”原本只用来称谓哥哥的配偶～而黎川方言中～“嫂”还可用来称谓弟弟、侄子、孙子、外甥和外孙的配偶。如把弟媳称为“弟嫂”把侄媳和孙媳称为“孙嫂”～把外甥和外孙媳称为“外甥嫂”。“郎”原本是指丈夫～而在黎川方言中却把女婿称为“郎”～把侄婿和孙婿称为“孙郎”～把外甥婿和外孙婿称为“外甥郎”。“媳妇”原本是指 自己的妻子～而黎川方言中却把儿子的配偶称为“媳妇”。另外～还把岳父母分别称为“契爷”和“契娘”。 好项目致富
第三～对于亲属和辈分都相同的亲属～有些根据年龄而采用不同的称谓～有些则不加以区
别～形成了一种不对称性。我们先来看看血亲称谓语。父系中对于父亲的兄弟以年龄是否于父亲而区分伯、叔～对于父亲的姐妹以年龄是否大于父亲而区分为贺姑、姑,而母系中论是母亲的哥哥还是弟弟都被称为“母舅”。如果要区分～不管年龄是否大于母亲～一概冠之于表示顺序的“大”“二”“细”等。而同样是母亲的血亲～对母亲的姐妹以年龄是否大于母亲而区分为贺姨、小姨。但另一方～同样是父亲的血亲～对于祖父的兄弟则不加以区分～一律按排行来称呼。在姻亲称谓语中也存在这种现象。比如若以女性为己身～对于丈夫的兄弟以年龄是否大于自己的丈夫而区分为霞伯、霞叔:对丈夫的姐妹则不加以区分一律称为“霞姑”。若以男性为己身～对于妻子的兄弟无论年龄是否大于自己的妻子都被称为“霞口[kb ]”～若要区分～则按排行称“大”“二”“细”等,而对于妻子的姐妹则以年龄是否大于自己的妻子区分为“贺姨娘”“小姨子”。
第四～对长辈和平辈中年长于 自己的亲属～面称和背称一般是相同的～都按亲属称谓来称呼,而对晚辈和平辈中年幼于自己的亲属～面称和背称则不相同～面称时常常不用表示属关系的称谓来称呼～而用名字(甚至是名字的昵称)来称呼～而背称则用亲属称谓来称呼。也就是说～下面这些词语平常是不作面称的:妹、妹夫、弟、弟嫂、崽、媳妇、女、郎、外甥、外甥女、外甥嫂、外甥郎、孙子、孙女、孙嫂、孙郎等。
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