旅游地方天下大事>爱情名句1. Introduction
Euphemism is originally from Greek; meaning; “speak with gook words”. “eu” means “well or sounding well”; “pheme” means “speech”. Its definition in Oxford English Dictionary is “example of the u of pleasant; mild; or indirect words or phras in plac e of more accurate or direct ones.”1
The appearance of euphemism is bad on two reasons: one aims to take the place of “taboo”. When giving up a taboo word; people will find another new one to take the place of it; which creates a euphemism. The other aims to avoid offensiveness during the communication. It is a figure of rhetoric by which an unpleasant or offensive thing is described or referred to by a milder term.
The following part will explain euphemism in detail from two aspects: the ways to express euphemism and its social functions 2. Ways to express euphemism
2.1. Figure of speech
2.1.1. Metonymy.
That is to u the general words to take the place of the concrete words. “Pasd away” which refers to “dead” belongs to metonymy. It can be divided into the following forms: 1 to u the container to take
the place of the things in the container. For example: “to be fond of the bottle” is a euphemism for “liking to drink”. 2
To u the entirety instead of the part. For example: “abdomen” is ud to r efer to “belly”; “limb” refers to “leg”. For some special occasions; the part can be ud instead of the entirety. In Australian English “an old hand” is a euphemism for “an old prisoner”. 3 To u the tools to take the place of the objects. For example; “pick” is a tool of prying the lock. It can refer to “thief”. 4 To u raw materials to take the place of finished products. For instance; “poppy” is a kind of flower; but it also refers to “opium”. 5 To u characteristics to take the place of objects. For example; “hellow” is a greeting word; and it is also a euphemism for “prostitute” becau prostitutes often u this word to solicit the whoremasters; “blood and iron” is a euphemism for “violence”. 6 To u proper words to replace the objects. For exampl e; “napoleon” is a French golden coin on which there is Napoleon’s head portrait. “Borstal” is a name of countryside in Kent in Britain. It can also refer to “juvenile delinquency”.
2.1.2. Metaphor
南瓜苗To u metaphor can easily avoid the offensive things. For example; “to be a guest of the law” is a e
uphemism for “to be in prison”4; Many euphemisms for “death” were created by way of metaphor; such as going to his long home; to be home and free; to go to sleep; to sleep the long or eternal; never-ending sleep;
to rest in peace; to be at rest; to go to Heaven or Paradi; to join one’s ancestors; to be gathered to one’s fathers; to join the immortals. More examples are: aged→sunt years; to be poor→to be pinched; to have improper xual intercour with girlspecially maiden →to deflower; to degenerate→to go astray; breast→milk bottles; catamenia→the red flag; to be pregnant→to be on the nest; the money of bribery→grea; to bribe→to grea somebody’s palm; handcuffs→bracelets.
2.1.
3. Periphrasis
It is an expression of beating around the bush. Though it is a muddled acting; its aim is to avoid offending others; and to be more polite6. If someone asked a woman whether she was knitting a tiny garment; he meant that he wondered whether she was pregnant. Such way of speaking is humorous; sweet and agreeable; to be pregnant→to eat for two. Teachers often u this expression
to avoid the students’ and their parents’ awkwardness. For example; laziness is called “needing ample supervision in order to work well”; “cheat” is described as “needing help in learning to adhere to rules and standards of fair play”; “lies” is called “showing difficulty in distinguishing between imaginary and factual material”; “steal” is called “needing help in learning to respect the pro perty rights of others”; “be a bully” refers to “having
qualities of leadership but needs help in learning to u them democratically”; “dirty” is called “ be lack of proper health habits”.
2.2. Semantic method
2.2.1. Synonym
For example; “tight” is ud instead of “stingy”; “mad” is replaced by “crazy”; “insane”; and “lunatic”. Such euphemism aims to u the appreciative term to take the place of the derogatory term.
乌鱼汤Such euphemism us the contrary term to express the same meaning; and it could be more uful than synonym in replacing the taboo and make people more understandable and comfortable. We could call stupid people unwi people. “A fat chance” means “a slim chance”.
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2.2.
3. Vague words and expressions
That is to make the harsher or offensive words more general. For example; if somebody has some mental problems; we can express it like this: His roof leaks a little; he has a screw loo/missing; he is not at home. There are other examples which u vague expressions; such as dia→trouble; problem; to come across an unfortunate thing→to have an accident; to live together
illegally→to cohabit; a squint→an obliquity of vision; a man of bad taste→a man of doubtful taste; strike→industrial action; the poor→the underprivileged; the disadvantaged; in debt→in difficulties; to be killed→to be put to sleep.
2.3. The variety of spelling form
English is an alphabetic writing. The variation of phonetic form can avoid the original conception in a certain degree and achieve the purpo of euphemism. 1 Compounding: gezunda goes under 沉落、沉没；失败破产. 2 Acronym: DA drug addict; J.D juvenile delinquent.
3 The Social Functions of Euphemism
真挚的拼音
Euphemism is widely ud in America and Britain. It has a long history. New euphemisms emerge in an endless stream. Its functions; can be divided into three parts: Avoidance; Courtesy and Disgui. Through studying the three functions; we can understand the western society’s view on value and morality.
3.1. Avoidance
The earliest subject of Euphemism is religious. The conception of taboo is deep-rooted in people’s mind; and it is not easy to remove. Becau fearing of the cret power of God; People u euphemism
