第6章英语语言意义（I）
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. According to G. Leech, _____ meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker／writer. （北二外2007研）
【答案】affective
【解析】利奇认为感情意义是指所传达的关于说话人/作者感情、态度方面的意义。
2. _____=PARANT(x, y) & MALE(x) （北二外2005研）
【答案】farther=PARANT(x, y)&MALE(x)
【解析】同时满足”父母亲”和”男性”的条件的只能是”父亲”。
3. According to G Leech, _____ meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content. （北二外2005研）
【答案】Conceptual
【解析】利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。
4. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the _____ theory. （中山大学2008研）
【答案】Referential
【解析】把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫做指称理论。
5. _____ is the technical name for the sameness relation. （北二外2007研）
【答案】Synonymy
【解析】同义关系是相同关系的专业术语，完全的同义关系是很少的。所谓的同义词都是依赖语境的，它们总是在这方面或那方面有所不同。
6. Terms like “apple”, “banana” and “pear” are _____ of the term “fruit”. （北二外2007研）
【答案】hyponyms
【解析】上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。题中”苹果，香蕉，梨”都是”水果”的下义词。
7. “Mary gave a book to Jack” is synonymous with “Jack _____ a book from Mary.”（北二外2005研）
【答案】received
【解析】参考”同义词”的定义。
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8. T erms like “rolling pin” and “ladle” are _____of the term “kitchen implements”. （北二外2005研）
【答案】hyponyms
【解析】”擀面杖”和”勺子”都属于”厨房用具”的下义词。
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9. Antonyms like “husband” v. “wife” are _____ antonyms. （北二外2003研）【答案】conver
【解析】反向反义关系是反义关系的一种特殊类型，典型地表现在两两相对的社会角色、亲属关系、时间和空间等方面；丈夫与妻子的关系属于此种反义关系。
10. T erms like “desk” and “stool” are _____ of the term “furniture”. （北二外2003研）
【答案】(co-)hyponyms
【解析】在上下义关系中，一个坐标词通常有很多下义词。同类中的成员叫做同下义词。题中“桌子”和”凳子”都是”家具”的下义词。
11. _____is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
【答案】Sen
【解析】涵义是指语言形式的内在意义。
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12. _____opposites may be en in terms of degrees of quality involved.
【答案】Gradable
【解析】等级对立设计质量级别。元日赏析
II. Multiple Choices.
1. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest. (Focus on connotation) （南京大学2007研）
A. corpulent
B. statesman看淡一切的网名
C. slim
D. decea
【答案】A
【解析】从内涵意义来看，corpulent有些贬义的意思，而其他词则是褒义的且表意委婉。
2. _____ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the
non-linguistic world experience. （西安交大2008研）
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sen
【答案】A
【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体，它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。
3. Which o f the following is NOT included in G. Leech’s ven types of meaning? （大连外国语学院2008研）
A. Connotative meaning.
B. Denotative meaning.
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C. Conceptual meaning.
【答案】B
【解析】利奇提出的7种意义分别为概念意义、内涵意义、社会意义、感情意义、反射意义、搭配意义和主位意义。
4. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest. (Focus on the type of mantic relation) （南京大学2007研）
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A. school/college
B. move/run
C. furniture/table
D. mature/ripe
【答案】C
【解析】C中的词为上下义关系，其他组的词为近义关系。
5. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest. (Focus on the type of mantic opposition) （南京大学2008研）
A. wake-asleep
B. inside-outside
C. teacher-student
D. right-left
【答案】C
【解析】A，B与D为互补反义词，而C为关系反义词。
6. There are generally three kinds of n relations recognized, sameness relation,
oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are reprented by _____ respectively. （大连外国语学院2008研）
A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy
B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy
C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy
【答案】A
【解析】有三种涵义关系，分别为同义关系，反义关系和上下义关系。
7. Conceptual meaning is not _____
A. affective
B. cognitive
C. logic
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D. denotative
【答案】A
【解析】概念意义是逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容，而不是感情的。
8. The mantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word_____
A. is interpreted through the mediation of concept.
B. is related to the thing it refers to.
C. is the idea associated with that word “in the minds of speakers.”
D. is the image it is reprented in the mind.
【答案】A
