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2010 年全国职称英语理工类（A 级）考试真题及答案
部分：词汇选项(第 ～ 第 1 部分：词汇选项 第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分) 个词或短语划有底横线， 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为 接近的选项。 接近的选项。 1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noi any longer，it'S driving me mad． A．tolerate B．generate C．reduce D．mensure 2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immen value to old people living alone． A．equal B．immediate C．moderate D．great 3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school． A．bright B．unclear C．general D．bad 4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education． A．special B．private C．general D．good 5．Sleep stairs can prent a particular hazard to older people． A．picture B．danger
sticksC．evidence D．ca 6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil． A．doubt B．relief C．failure D．confusion 7．Patricia stared at the other girls with rentment． A．love B．surpri C．anger D．doubt 8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exerci every day． A．energetic B．free C．physical D．regular 9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dial
ogues． A．boring B．original C．humorous D．long 10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth． A．attract B．spend C．encourage D．require 11．He demolished my argument in minutes．
A．supported B．disproved C．disputed D．accepted 12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year． A．clo B．ll C．break D．combine 13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners． A．polite B．usual C．bad D．similar 14．The project required ten years of diligent rearch． A．hardworking B．social C．basic D．scientific 15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison． A．necessary B．terrible C．critical D．normal 部分：阅读判断(第 ～ 第 2 部分：阅读判断 第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分) 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断： 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提 供的是正确信息， 供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中 ；如果该句提供的是错误信息， ； 没有提及， 没有提及，请选择 C。 。 California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power文员是干什么的
咸鱼的做法
Energy beamed down from space is one step clor to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would e the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from s
olar-power satellites beginning in 2016．But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be ud widely． A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will u radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth． The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit．Earth-bad solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun． Light during daytime and when skies are clear． But space-bad solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette， Indiana， "If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go．"he says. Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy rvices，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down．"We knew we had to come up with a different， revolu-tionary design，"he says．A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy． But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting， says Schwartz． "You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)becau you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place， says． "he According to the company's patent， Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool． Though Boerman says the company believes it can
make space-bad solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy．Laws in California and other states requireincreasing u of renewable energy in coming years，he points out．"To meet tho needs， we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says． 16．Solar-power satellites will u radio waves to beam energy down from space． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites． A．Right B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned 18．Space-bad solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 19．One advantage of space-bad solar power system is that it is economical． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 20．Inflatable minors are ud to reduce the space-bad solar power system． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 21．Space-bad solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 22．Many countries will grant permission for the u of spaced-bad solar power soon． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 ～ 第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 第 23～30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分) 项测试任务： 下面的短文后有 2
项测试任务： (1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题； 第 ～ 个最佳标题； (2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。 第 ～ 个最佳选
项。 Natural Gas 1 Natural gas is produced from rervoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel
永恒的爱
(矿物质燃料)， meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)． 2 The popularity and u of clean natural gas has incread dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today， natural gas rviceis available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。More than 65 million American homes u natural gas．In fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity． addi-tion to heating homes， In much of the gas ud in the United States is ud as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare， con-puting and furnishings． Natural gas is also ud in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants． 3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化 碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale．Compared with some o
ther fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11． 4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy'S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025． 5 There are huge rerves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest rerves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然 气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades． Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain． 23．Paragraph 2． 24．Paragraph 3． 25．Paragraph 4. 26．Paragraph 5． A．Popularity and u of natural gas B．Natural gas rerves and supply C．Natural gas prices D．Clean fuel of choice E．Disadvantages of natural gas
F．Natural gas consumption 27．Natural gas is stored deep． 28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source． 29．When manufacturin
g many products，people commonly u natural gas． 30．It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increa． A．over the past 50 years B．beneath the earth surface C．by more than 50 percent D．for more than four decades E．as a raw material F．for ho
录音电话me energy needs 部分：阅读理解(第 ～ 第 4 部分：阅读理解 第 3l～45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分) 篇短文， 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 个最佳选项。 下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容 为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。 第一篇 How the First Stars in the Univer Came into Existence How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how the first stars in the univer came into existence，rearchers say． The composition of the early univer was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early univer were also somewhat simpler．Dr．Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U．S．incorporated the conditions of the early univer，sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages，"to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness． The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our univer，and the rearchers'computer simulation，which has been called a "cosmic Rotta Stone．"ts the bar for further investigation into the star formation process．The question of how the first stars evolved is so important becau their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the eds for subquent stars to come into being． According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gas， and the mysterious"dark matter''of the univer after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun．The simulation reveals how
pre-stellar gas would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early univer to form this protostar． Dr． Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements， just in later generations of stars， soon after the Big not but Bang． "This geneal picture of star formation，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the univer，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，"said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report．"The abundance of elements in the univer has incread as stars haveaccumulated，"he says，"and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread the ele． ments further across the univer．So
when you think about it．a11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago．" Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early univer signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of the first stars of the univer．More powerful computers，more physical data， andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations， but the rearchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in．itiation-when a stellar ob． ject becomes a true star． "Dr．Yoshida has taken t
修炼中
he study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal．It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，"said Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex． as，Austin and the author of a companion article．"We must continue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive star．Buthere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed．" 31．According to the first two paragraphs，the early univer． A．was governed by simpler physics B．got fewer stars shinning in it C．started over 13 billion years ago D．was compod in a way similar to that of today 32．What can the state-of-the．art computer simulation tell us about? A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago． B．How"cosmic dark ages"came into existence． C．How dust grains and gas were formed after the Big Bang．
D．How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang． 33．What does the"astronomical object"in paragraph 2 refer to? A．cosmic dark ages． B．dust grains and gas． C．a protostar． D．the early univer． 34．According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar? A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang． B．It evolved from pre-stellar gas． C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star． D．It had
a mass of one percent of the sun． 35．According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the univer B．to simulate the process of how the early univer began C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar 第二篇 The Iceman On a September,day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita．1y． High up on a mountain pass， found the body of a man lying on the ice． that height they At (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yea
r．The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surface．It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the head．remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrows． Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to the questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since veral soldiers had already been found in this area．A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in tho mountains twenty years before and
电脑标志who body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old． With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old． Born in about 3300 B． ， lived during the Bronze Age in Europe． first scientists C． he At thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caud internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part oi a large war，or he may have beenfightiing bandits．He may even have been a bandit himlf． By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given usimportant clues to the history of tho distant times． 36．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly becau． A．he was lying on the ice B．two Germans were climbing mountains C．the melted ice made him visible D．he was just on a mountain pass 37．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．The iceman was killed while working． B．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head． C．The iceman lived a poor life． D．The iceman was struck dead from behind． 38．All the following are assumptions on
显卡核心ce made about iceman EXCEPT． A．he was a soldier in World War I B．he came from Italy C．he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father D．He was born about a thousand years ago 39．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman． A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead B．was probably in some kind of a battle
C．had got a wound on the back of his head D．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death． 40．The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by． A．robbers B．soldiers C hunters D．shooters
