船的图片简答题
1.In a short essay, define management by objectives (MBO) and list four elements of this type of goal tting. What are some problems associated with this approach?
Answer
Management by objectives (MBO) is a management system in which specific performance goals are jointly determined by employees and their managers, progress toward accomplishing the goals is periodically reviewed, and rewards are allocated on the basis of this progress. Rather than using goals only as controls, MBO us them to motivate employees as well. Management by objectives consists of four elements: goal specificity, participative decision making, an explicit time period, and performance feedback. Its appeal lies in its focus on employees working to accomplish goals they have had a hand in determining. One problem is that MBO may not be as effective in times of dynamic environmental change. Under an MBO program, employees need some stability to work toward accomplishing the t goals. If new goals must be t every few weeks, there’s no ti
me for employees to work on accomplishing the goals and measuring that accomplishment. Another problem of MBO programs is that an overemphasis by an employee on accomplishing his or her goals without regard to others in the work unit can be counterproductive. A manager must work cloly with all members of the work unit to assure that employees aren’t working at cross-purpos. Finally, if MBO is viewed simply as an annual exerci in filling out paperwork, employees won’t be motivated to accomplish the goals.
2In a short essay, discuss the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix and explain its ufulness in gmenting business. Include a discussion of the characteristics for each of the four categories bad on the BCG matrix.
Answer
The Boston Consulting Group matrix introduced the idea that an organization’s business could be evaluated and plotted using a 2 2 matrix to identify which ones offered high potential and which were a drain on organizational resources. The horizontal
axis reprents market share, which was evaluated as either low or high; and the vertical axis indicates anticipated market growth, which also was evaluated as either low or high. Bad on its evaluation, the business was placed in one of four categories:
a.Cash cows (low growth, high market share)—business in this category generate large amounts of cash, but their prospects for future growth are limited.
b.Stars (high growth, high market share)—the business are in a fast-growing market, and hold a dominant share of that market. Their contribution to cash flow depends on their need for resources.
c.Question marks (high growth, low market share)—the business are in an attractive industry, but hold a small market share percentage.
d.Dogs (low growth, low market share)—business in this category do not produce or consume much cash. However, they hold little promi for improved performance.
3. In a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor’s work in scientific management. Next, list Ta
ylor’s four principles of management.八月英语怎么说
Answer
模范出租车漫画Frederick Taylor did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. As a mechanical engineer with a Quaker and Puritan background, he was continually appalled by workers’ inefficiencies. Employees ud vastly different techniques to do the same job. They were inclined to “take it easy” on the job, and Taylor believed that worker output was only about one-third of what was possible. Virtually no work standards existed. Workers were placed in jobs with little or no concern for matching their abilities and aptitudes with the tasks they were required to do. Managers and workers were in continual conflict. Taylor t out to correct the situation by applying the scientific method to shop floor jobs. He spent more than two decades passionately pursuing the “one best way” for each job to be done.
Taylor’s Four Principles of Management怎样取名字
中国10大净水器品牌排行榜
a.Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumb method.
b.Scientifically lect and then train, teach, and develop the worker.
银杏花c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.
d.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes over all work for which it is better fitted than the workers.
有味汪涵4 In a short essay, list and discuss the eight steps in the decision-making process.
Answer
a.Step 1: Identifying a problem—the decision-making process begins with the existence of a problem or a discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs. However, a discrepancy without pressure to take action becomes a problem that can be postponed.
b.Step 2: Identify decision criteria—once the manager has identified a problem that needs attention, the decision criteria important to resolving the problem must be identified. That is, managers must determine what’s relevant in making a decision.
c.Step 3: Allocating weights to the criteria—at this step, the decision maker must weigh the items in order to give them the correct priority in the decision. A simple approach is to give the most important criterion a weight of 10 and then assign weights to the rest against that standard.
销售冠军d.Step 4: Developing alternatives—the fourth step requires the decision maker to list the viable alternatives that could resolve the problem. No attempt is made in this step to evaluate the alternative, only to list them.
e.Step 5: Analyzing alternatives—once the alternatives have been identified, the decision maker must critically analyze each one. From this comparison, the strengths and weakness of each alternative become evident.
