1 What is Modernism?
a. Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, design, literature, music, dance, painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20th century, particularly in the years following WWI. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late 19th century academic and historical tradition, and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world.
b. The avant-garde movements that followed – including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Expressionism, Constructivism, De Stijl, and Abstract Expressionism-are generally defined as Modernist.
c. Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, anti-realism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects.
d. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the dinchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cas, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age.
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e. Among American writers, the best-know Modernists are T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.
2 What 高等职业教育are the differences between realism and modernism?
| Realism | Modernism |
Function of Literature | Educate people and criticize social evils | Expression of “Self” |
Subject | Public, exterior world | Private, interior world |
Conception of Time&Space | Clock time, geographic space | Psychological time&space |
Forms and techniques | Hero, plot | Anti-hero, anti-plot |
Tone | 生肖的传说optimistic | pessimistic |
| | |
3 What is the background of Modernism?
Historical background: WWI
Economically, American’s participation of WWI caud its economic boom and material prosperity.
Socially, social chaos, disordered and turbulent, unea and restlessness underneath.
Spiritually and morally, hedonism, spiritual waste and moral decay.
Cultural background:
At the end of 19th century: Darwin’s evolution theory shook people’s religious belief.
By the end of the first decade of the 20th century: Nietzsche (1844-1900) declared the death of God: all forces emed to pulling apart. God was expelled from the univer. People were living in a spiritual wasteland – a world without faith.
4 What is “Jazz Age” or the “Roaring 20s”?
It refers to the 1920s, a time marked by frivolity, carelessness, hedonism and excitement in the life of the flaming youth.
Thriving economy: the continuing economic growth, easy money, ample opportunity, prevailing materialism.
Pleasure eking: challenge the tradition, extravagant parties, Jazz music, heavy drinking and smoking, fast racing cars.
Spiritual sterility: mentally barren: spiritual disorientation and moral decay.
5. W络活喜降压药hat is the “Lost Generation’?
The term originated with Gertrude Stein and was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who ud it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel The Sun Also Ris.
It refers to a group of American literary notables who lived in Europe between WWI and t
he Great Depression. They were members of the age class called to duty in the WWI.
They went to the war becau they believed in that this war would save the international democracy and this is a glorious war, a war of justice. But soon they were disillusioned by the cruelty of the war and the break-down of the American dream, and even more disappointed by the unwilling acceptance of the post war society. They became doubted about the old values while at the same time they still could not accept the new standard of values and morality.
Seeking the bohemian lifestyle and rejecting the values of American materialism, they fled to France in the post WWI years. Full of youthful idealism, the individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date.
This generation included distinguished artists such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, T.S.Eliot, John Dos Passos, Waldo Peirce, Alan Seeger, and, Erich Mario Remarque.
6 Plea list the literary reprentatives and their works.
Ezra Pound (1885-1972)
Cantos
Thomas Sterns Eliot (1888-1965)
The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, Hollow Man, Four Quarters班级誓言…
疫情对经济的影响天冷加衣Rober Frost (1874-1963)
A Boy’s Will, Mountain Interval, New Hampshire
F.Scott Ftizgerald (1896-1940)
三节三爱The Side of Paradi, The Great Gatsby, Tender is the Night, The Last Tycoon…
