葛荣【优质】美国文学名词解释
（一）About Puritanism清教主义刻章委托书
1.“would-be purifier”They wanted to purify the English Church and to restore church worship to the “pure and unspotted”condition of its earlier days .They oppod the elaborate rituals of the English Church. They believed that the Bible was the revealed word of God, therefore, people should guide their daily behavior with the Bible.
2.Basic Puritan Beliefs（1）Total Depravity - through Adam's fall, every human is born sinful - concept of Original Sin.（2）Unconditional Election - God "saves" tho he wishes - only a few are lected for salvation - concept of predestination（3）Limited Atonement - Jesus died for the chon only, not for everyone.（4）Irresistible Grace - God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.（5）Perverance of the "saints" - tho elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God - something impossible in Puritanism.契诃夫
2.The impact of Puritanism (1)High standards of moral excellence and conscience ;(2) Emphasis on education(3)Hard working, thrifty, independent spirit;(4)“Chon people”consciousness .(诺斯替教）（二）Enlightenment(启蒙运动)
Enlightenment is man’s leaving his lf-caud immaturity.辣辣寿司
Immaturity is the incapacity to u one's intelligence without the guidance of another.@A term ud to describe the trends in thought and letters in Europe and the American colonies during the 18th century prior to the French Revolution. The precursors of the Enlightenment can be traced to the 17th century and earlier.@The phra was frequently employed by writers of the period itlf, convinced that they were emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and a respect for humanity.
矗立的拼音
（三）Romanticism （浪漫主义）
As an approach in literary creation, romanticism is ever prent in literature of all times. B
ut as a literary trend or movement, it occurred and developed in Europe and America at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries under the historical background of the Industrial Revolution around 1760 and the French Revolution (1789-1799). @ A movement in the literature of virtually every country of Europe, the United States, and Latin America that lasted from about 1750 to about 1870,@It was characterized by reliance on the imagination and subjectivity, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature.
（四）Transcendentalism（超验主义）
中国县城排名Transcendentalism is the summit of the Romantic Movement in the
丝瓜怎么做
U.S. in the first half of the 19th century. It asrts the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition .Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul, the individual and Nature. It was, in esnce, romantic idealism on Puritan soil.
