1、American Puritanism: Puritanism was a religious reform movement that aro within the Church of England in the late 16th century. Under siege from church and crown, it nt an offshoot in the third and fourth decades of the venteenth century to the northern English colonies in the New World a migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual and social order of New England. Puritanism is a highly strict religious doctrine.Puritanism also has its practical aspect.
2、American Dream礼钱：From their first ttlement on the New continent, Americans dreamed to build their own paradi in the wilderness, believing they could make individual success by lf-reliance. Franklin’s success t them an good example and fulfilled their dream, which was characterized by lf-reliance, faith in the progress of society and the ideals of the future, practical and optimistic attitude toward life, and final success.
蓝鲸的眼睛
3、Transcendentalism ：Transcendentalism is idealism. (Emerson) Appeared in 1830, marked the maturity of American romanticism and the first renaissance in the
American literary history.The term was derived from the Latin verb transcendere: to ri above , to pass beyond the limits.Ri of Transcendentalism: the product of combination of foreign influence (German idealistic philosopher, neo-Platonism, Oriental mysticism, Confucius and Mencius) and American native Puritan tradition.
4、Frontier Humor：It is literature that was generated by the westward expansion in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries. The n of fun, exaggeration, individuality, and irreverence for traditional Eastern values in frontier humor reflect the optimistic spirit of pre-Civil War America. Frontier humor appears mainly in tall tales of exaggerated feats of strength, rough practical jokes (especially on sophisticated Easterners), and tales of encounters with wild animals. The tales are filled with rough, homely wisdom.
5、Midwestern Realism：It just refers to William Dean Howells’s realism becau he came from the American Midwest and carefully interweaved the life and emotions of ordinary middle-class there in his works. Also becau he was the ch
ampion of realism, having helped to publish many realistic local color writings by Bret Harte, Mark Twain, George Washington Cable, and others.
6、Cosmopolitan Novels：Henry James中度脱水’s fame rested largely upon the handling of his major fictional theme, the international theme, that is the meeting of America and Europe, American innocence in contact and contrast with cosmopolitan European decadence, and the moral and psychological complications arising there from. So he was called the cosmopolitan novelist.
7、Local Colorism：The style of writing derived from the prentation of the features and peculiarities of a particular locality and its inhabitants. Simply it means the u of regional detail in a literary or artistic work. The name is given especially to a kind of American literature that in its most characteristic form made its appearance just after the Civil War and for nearly three decades was the single most popular form of American literature.
8、Twain’s Humor： Tall-tale: a type of frontier anecdote characterized by exagger
ation or understatement with realistic details of character or local customs that work toward a humorous effect: connected with local colorism.
9、The Lost Generation：It is a term in frequent u after WWI in reference to the young men who survived physically but were afterwards spiritually and morally adrift. So the lost generation refers to disillusioned writers who wrote after WWI. Many of them went to the battle. After the war, they rebelled against former ideals and values and can’t find new ones to replace.It first coined by Gertrude Stein.
10、Code Hero：个人推荐材料He defined the Code Hero as "a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful." The Code Hero measures himlf by how well they handle the difficult situations that life throws at him. In the end the Code Hero will lo becau we are all mortals, but the true measure is how a person faces death. The Code Hero believes in "Nada," a Spanish word meaning nothing. There is no afterlife.
11、Image：An image is defined by Pound as that which prents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time, “a vortex(漩涡) or cluster of fud ideas” “endowed with energy皱巴巴”.The exact word must bring the effect of the object before the reader as it had prented itlf to the poet’s mind at the time of writing.
12、Black Humour：电脑硬件知识Reached its peak in the 1960s and declined in the 1970s.
A kind of humor in which disturbing or sinister subjects such as death, dia, or warfare, are treated with bitter amument, usually in a manner calculated to offend and shock.
13、Metafiction小吴同学：Fiction that deals, often playfully and lf-referentially, with the writing of fiction or its conventions. It is primarily associated with Modernist literature and Postmodernist literature, but is found at least as early as Homer’s Odysy and Chaucer’夜色之前s 14th century Canterbury Tales.
