《美国文学简史》考试要点：
三、诗歌鉴赏 2个
P23 作者：Philip Freneau 诗歌名：The Wild Honey Suckle 主题：
词的象征意义：
P98 作者：Emily Dickinson 诗歌名：My Life Clod Twice Before Its Clo 主题：
词的象征意义：
P99 作者：Emily Dickinson 诗歌名：Wild Nights 主题：
词的象征意义：
P191 作者：William Carlos Williams 诗歌名：The Red Wheelbarrow
主题：
词的象征意义：
P205 作者：E. E. Cummings 诗歌名：a leaf falls loneliness
主题：
词的象征意义
作者、诗歌名、主题、词的象征意义
四、名词解释
1清教主义 is a dominant factor in American life ,it takes a code of values, a philosophy of life, and a point of view, and was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.
2意象主义 it as reaction to the traditional English poetics with its iambic pentameter ,its verbosity, and extra-poetic padding, but it rved ,first and foremost, to meet the need of expressing the temper of the age . the n of fragmentation and dislocation.
2的3自然主义 evolved from realism when the author’四川安全教育平台登录入口老人微信名字s tone in writing becomes less rious a
nd less sympathetic but more ironic and more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.
4乡土文学 as a trend first made its prence felt in the late 1860s and early venties. L室内屏风ocal colorist concerned themlves with prenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an age on the truthful color of local life the ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside.
5现实主义as a literary movement realism came in the late half of the nineteenth century as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and ntimentalism it expresd the concern for the world of experience of the commonplace and for the familiar and the low.
6超验主义(Transcendentalism): New England Transcendentalism is very important to American literature, pushing American Romanticism into a summit. Transcendentalists are not quite happy about the materialistic-oriented life of their time and they reacted against the faith of Boston businessmen and the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism. In
esnce, transcendentalism is idealism.暖男图片
7冰山理论(Iceberg Theory): If a writer knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and 计算器使用说明书the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of tho as strongly as though the writer had said them. The dignity of the movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.
8迷茫的一代(The Lost Generation): The lost generation is a term coined by Gertrude Stein. It is a label for the group of American young expatriate writers born at the turn 20th century and reached maturity after World WarⅠ. The writers felt profound cut off from tradition, disillusioned and alienated with society and cynical idealism. To them, life is meaningless and futile. F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and T. S. Eliot are the most important reprentatives.
9海明威式主人公(The Typical Hemingway): The typical Hemingway hero is one who, wounded but strong, more nsitive and wounded becau stronger, enjoys the pleasures of life (x, alcohol, sport) in face of ruin and death and maintains, through so
me notion of a code, an ideal of himlf.
10福克纳(William Faulkner): 1. Father of American southern literature.
2. Poineer of American stream
11约克纳帕塔法(Yoknapatawpha): The Yoknapatawpha County Series have an overall pattern in which the fate of a ruined homeland always focus on the collision of Faulkner’s intelligent, nsitive and idealistic protagonist with the society of the 20th century. Most of the major themes are the confrontation.
五、简答 3个
浪漫主义特征（3）
Features: 1.Imitativeness. Thus American Romanticism was in a way derivative: American romantic writing was some of them modeled on English and European works.
2. Uniqueness. It was different from its English and European counterpart becau it origi
nated from an amalgam of factors that were altogether American rather than anything el. American romanticism was in esnce the expression of “a real new experience” and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.
Then there is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American moral values were esntially Puritan. Public opinion was overwhelmingly Puritan; the Puritan atmosphere of the nation predominantly conditioned social life and cultural 美白饮tastes. American Romantic authors tended more to moralize than their English and European brothers.
3. Newness. Self-reliant individualism (realization of individual values).
诗人名字大全Idealism (American dream).
