中班主题活动化妆品微生物标准检验方法细菌总数测定
Standard methods of microbiological examination for determination of aerobic bacterial count 中华人民共和国国家标准化妆品微生物标准检验方法细菌总数测定UDC 668：576 .85.07GB7918.2－87Standard methods ofmicrobiological examination for cosmetics Standard plate countThe people's Republic of China National Standard for cosmeticsstandard methods of microbiological examination for UDC 668:576methods of microbiological examination for.85.07GB7918.287Standard cosmetics Standard plate count
相辅相承细菌总数系指1g或1ml化妆品中所含的活菌，数量。测定细菌总数可用来判明化妆品被细菌污染的程度，以及生产单位所用的原料、工具设备、工艺流程、操作者的卫生状况，是对化妆品进行卫生学评价的综合依据。本标准采用标准平板计数法。1方法提要化妆品中污染的细菌种类不同，每种细菌都有它一定的生理物质性，培养时对营养要求，培养温度、培养时间、pH值、需氧性质等均有所不同。在实际工作中，不可能做到满足所有菌的要求，因此所测定的结果，只包括在本方法所使用的条件下（在卵磷脂、吐温80营养琼脂上，于37℃培养48h)生长的一群嗜中温的需氯及兼性厌氧的细菌总数。2培养基和试剂2.1生理盐水：
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见GB 7918-87《化妆品微生物标准检验方法总则》。2.2卵磷脂、吐温80-营养琼脂培养基成分：
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蛋白胨20g牛肉膏3g氯化钠5g琼脂15g卵磷脂1g吐温80 7g蒸馏水1000ml制法：
先将卵磷脂加到少量蒸馏水中，加热溶解，加入吐温80将其他成分(除琼脂外)加到其余蒸馏水中，溶解。加入已溶解的卵磷脂、吐温80，混匀，调pH值为7.1～7.2，加入琼脂，121℃(15 1b)20min高压灭菌，储存于冷暗处备用。3仪器3.1锥形烧瓶。3.2量筒。3.3pH计或精密pH试纸。3.4高压消毒锅。3.5试管。3.6灭菌平皿：
直径9cm。3.7灭菌刻度吸管：10ml、2ml、1ml。3.8酒精灯。3.9恒温培养箱。3.10放大镜。
校本研修活动记录4操作步骤4.1用灭菌吸管吸取1:10稀释的检样2ml，分别注入到两个灭菌平甲内，每皿1ml。另取1ml注入到9ml灭菌生理盐水试管中(注意勿使吸管接触液面)，更换一支吸管，并充分混匀，使成1:100稀释液。吸取2ml,分别注入到两个灭菌平皿内，每皿1ml。如样品含菌量高，还可再稀释成1:1000，1:100，••••••等，每种稀释度应换1支吸管。4.2将熔化并冷至45～50℃的卵磷脂、吐温
80、营养琼脂培养基倾注平皿内，每皿约15ml，另倾注一个不加样品的灭菌空平皿，作空白对照。随即转动平皿，使样品与培养基充分混合均匀，待不琼脂凝固后，翻转平皿，置37℃培养箱内培养48h。5菌落计数方法先用肉眼观察，点数菌落数，然后再用放大5～10倍的放大镜检查，以防遗漏。记下各平皿的菌落数后。求出同一稀释度各平皿生长的平均菌落数。若平皿中有连成片状的菌落或花点样菌落蔓延生长时，该平皿不宜计数。若片状菌落不到平皿中的一半，面其余一半中菌落数分布又很均匀，则可将此半个平皿菌落计数后乘2，以代表全皿菌落数。6菌落计数及报告方法6.1首先选取平均菌落数在30～300之间的平皿，作为菌落总数测定的范围。当只有一个稀释度的平均菌落数符合此范围时，即以该平皿菌落数乘其稀释倍数（见表中例１）。6.2若有两个稀释度，其平均菌落数均在30～300个之间，则应求出两者菌落总数之比值来决定。若其比值小于或等于2应报告其平均数，若大于2则报告其中较小的菌落数(见表中例2及例3)。6.3若所有稀释度的平均菌落数均大于300个，则应按稀释度最高的平均菌落数乘以稀释倍数报告之(见表中例4)。6.4若所有稀释度的平均菌落数均少于30个，则应按稀释度最低的平均菌落数乘以稀释倍数报告之(见表中例5)。6.5若所有稀释度的平均菌落数均不在30～300个之间，其中一个稀释度大于300个，而相邻的另一稀释度小于30个时，则以接近30或300的平均菌落数乘以稀释倍数报送给你的生日礼物
桂花泡水喝有什么作用与功效告之(见表中例6)。6.6若所有的稀释度均无菌生长，报告数为每克或每毫升小于10个。6.7菌落计数的报告，菌落数在10以内时，按实有数值报告之，大于100时，采用二位有效数字，在二位有效数字后面的数值，应以四舍五入法计算。为了缩短数字后面零的个数，可用10的指数来表示(见下表报告方式栏)。在报告菌落
beef extractpeptone 20g3Gsodium chloride 5gar 15glecithin 1gTwain 807g1000mldistilled water preparation method :
first the lecithin to small amounts of distilled water, heating to dissolve, joined Twain 80otheringredients ( except agar outside) to the rest of the distilled water,dissolved. Add dissolved lecithin, Twain 80, blending, regulating pH value was 7.1～7.2, add the agar, 121℃(151b)20minhigh pressure sterilization,storage in the cold dark alternate.The 3instrumentsof the 3.1conical flask.3.2cylinder.3.3pH or pH testprecision.3.4high pressure sterilizing pot.3.5tube.3.6sterile Petri dish:
diameter of 9cm.3.7:10ml,2mlsterilization scale straw,1ml. 3.8alcohol lamp. The 3.9 ther
mostatic culture box. 3.10 magnifier. 4steps of 4.1sterilization straw draw a 1:10 dilution of the sample 2ml,injected into the two sterilization flat A, each dish 1ml. Another 1ml into the 9ml of sterile saline in vitro ( pay attention not to make strawcontact surface),replace a straw,and mixed thoroughly,make 1:100dilution.Draw 2ml,injected into the two sterile Petri dish,each dish 1ml.Such as samples of bacteria content high,can be diluted to1:1000,1:100,•••,each dilution should change 1straw.4.2will bemelted and cooled to 45 ~ 50℃lecithin, Twain 80, nutrient agar pourplate, each dish is about 15ml,the other into a sample of sterilizedempty Petri dish,as blank control.Then turning Petri dish,make the sample and the medium are fully mixed evenly,when agar solidified,turning Petri dish,is 37℃incubator culture 48h. In 5 the colony counting method to obrved with the naked eye,number ofcolonies, then a magnification of 5 ~ 10 times magnificationendoscopy, to prevent the omission.Write down the plate after thecolony number.The same dilution of the Petri dish growth averagebacterial count.If the dish is connected into a lamellar colony or spending like colony spreading growth, not counting the Petri dish. If the lamellar colony to Petri dish in half,face the remaing half colony number in distribution is v
ery uniform,may bring the half a Petri dishbacterium count by 2, to reprent the whole dish colony number. 6colony counting and reporting method first lects 6.1 averagecolony number in 30 ~ 300 between the plate, as the colony determination range.When only a dilution of the average colonynumber is consistent with this range, namely in the Petri dish colony number by the dilution factor (e Table 1 ). 6.2if two dilution, the average colony number all is in 30～300 between, should the colony totalratio to decide. If the ratio is less than or equal to 2 shall reportthe average, if greater
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colony numberis greater than 300, it should be according to the dilution of the highest average colony number multiplied by the dilution multiplereport (e Table 4 ). 6.4 if all the dilution degree average colony number less than 30, they should be the dilution of the lowest average colony number multiplied by the dilution multiple report (eTable 5 ). 6.5 if all the dilution degree average colony number is in 30～300 between, wherein a dilution is greater than 300,and the other adjacent dilutions less than 30,to clo to 30or 300in theaverage colony number multiplied by the dilution multiple report (eTable6).6.6if all dilution are sterile growth,report number per gram or per ml of less than 10. 6.7 count rep
ort, colony number in 10 when,according to the actual numerical report, more than 100, with two significant digits, in two digits following numerical, should be fourto five homes in calculation. In order to reduce the numbers behindthe number of zero,can be ud 10index to express (etable below report column ).In the report as "not counting colonies ",should be marked sample dilution degree. Bacterial counting result and report method
